Investigation of Biofilm Formation,Virulence Genes and agr Typing of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis Cases

The objective of the present study was to investigate the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and agr genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and to analyze the correlations between agr genotypes and virulence genes. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes for 336 strains of S. aureus were detected by microtiter plate method, disk diffusion method, and PCR respectively, and the agr typing of tested strains was determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that all 336 strains of S. aureus from bovine mastitis were biofilm producers, among which 52.1% and 47.9% of isolates tested were moderate (++) and strong (+++) biofilm producers, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that S. aureus strains were highly resistant to penicillin, with a resistance rate of 91.7%, followed by erythromycin (89.6%), kanamycin (72.9%), clindamycin (66.7%) and gentamicin (60.4%). However, all isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA gene was the highest (99.7%), followed by icaD (98.2%), icaA (89.6%), clfA (86.0%), cna (56.0%), and bap (14.6%) genes. Moreover, the sea, seb, sec and tst genes were found in 26.5%, 8.3%, 6.8% and 8.3% of the isolates, respectively. The agr typing results showed that S. aureus strains belonging to agr Ⅰ was predominant in our study, accounting for 77.1% of the isolates, and the frequencies of agr Ⅱ, agr Ⅲ and agr Ⅳ genotypes were 14.0%, 4.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the strains of S. aureus belonging to agr Ⅰ genotype have the potential to carry more virulence genes, while no toxin genes could be found in any of the strains belonging to agr Ⅳ. The results revealed high antimicrobial resistance to common antimicrobial agents in S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. Moreover, agr Ⅰ was the predominant genotype with diverse toxin genes in S. aureus from bovine mastitis, and the potential hazard should be of concern.     

基于CRISPR序列的肠道沙门氏菌分离株CSST分型

为验证一种新的CRISPR分型方法——CSST分型方法分型沙门氏菌的可行性,分别采用传统CRISPR与CSST两种分型方法,对20株临床肠道沙门氏菌分离株进行分型.结果显示:CSST分型方法同传统CRISPR分型方法分型沙门氏菌的结果完全一致,均将20株临床肠道沙门氏菌菌株分成了15种亚型,其中CR4/CT4和CR9/...     

野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代的脂尾形态变异分析

试验旨在研究野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代的脂尾形态特征以及脂尾大小对体尺指数的影响。以216只饲养条件相同、体况良好的75日龄野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代为研究对象,计算脂尾性状的变异系数,再根据脂尾性状采用R语言K-mean聚类分析方法对野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代进行分析,研究脂尾的分离分化情况,并用SPSS 19.0对回交二代各类型脂尾羊的7个体重体尺指数（体重、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数、体躯指数、肢长指数和胸指数）进行差异比较分析。结果发现,根据聚类分析结果可将野生盘羊×巴什拜羊回交二代分为4个类型：小尾型、中尾型、大尾型和肥尾型;肥尾型体长指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型体躯指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,大尾型和肥尾型胸围指数、胸指数极显著大于小尾型（P<0.01）,各尾型间的体重、管围指数、肢长指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,回交二代的脂尾出现了性状分离,脂尾越大其体型越大,但体重无明显变化;结合野生盘羊与巴什拜羊的体型外貌特征及生产性能的特点,大尾型和肥尾型在体型上更趋近于巴什拜羊,小尾型则在尾型上更趋近于野生盘羊。     

MLST分型技术在链球菌属中的相关参数

MLST分型技术是一种基于核酸序列测定的基因分型方法，该方法对多个管家基因进行序列分析，通过不同管家基因的分型来确定最终的序列分型。论文介绍了MLST技术在无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌似马亚种、肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌和猪链球菌中的管家基因数目，引物序列和扩增片段大小，以期为微生物的分型奠定基础。     

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白表型分析

为揭示副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白与毒力的关系,采用SDS-PAGE测定了82个副猪嗜血杆菌分离株细胞外膜蛋白(OMP),比较了不同临床背景分离株的OMP表型差异,根据外膜蛋白的电泳迁移率Rf值和蛋白含量对OMP与毒力菌株的相关性和PAGE分型进行了聚类分析。图谱表型分析结果表明,82个分离株分成以相对分子质量36～40ku为特征的Ⅰ型和以42～45ku为特征的Ⅱ型2种类型,约34%患病猪分离株属于PAGEⅠ型,只有8.7%健康猪分离株属于PAGEⅠ型。Rf值聚类分析结果显示外膜蛋白分为3种类型,PAGEⅠ、PAGEⅡ和PAGEⅢ型。图谱蛋白含量聚类分析显示5个PAGE型。结果提示,36～40ku蛋白与菌株的毒力相关。     

水生动物中分离的副溶血性弧菌菌株分子分型研究

本研究通过采用核糖体分型RT、脉冲场凝胶电泳PFGE、多位点序列分型MLST三种方法,对从水生动物中分离到的59株副溶血性弧菌进行分子分型研究。结果将59株副溶血性弧菌分为43个RT型,9个大的聚类群,DI为0.9754;51个PFGE型,13个大的聚类群,DI为0.9988;53个ST型,包括107个新的等位基因、46个新的ST型,DI为0.9982。结果显示PFGE的分辨力最高,MLST较PFGE稍低,RT的分辨力最低。总体来看59株副溶血性弧菌菌株间亲缘关系较远,从同一年份、同一地区、同类样品中分离到的菌株被分为不同的型,表现出较大的遗传多样性。     

Genetic organization and preferential distribution of putative pilus gene clusters in Streptococcus suis

Recent analyses of Streptococcus suis isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) suggested the importance of sequence type (ST) 1 and ST27 complexes for animal hygiene and public health. In this study, to investigate whether pilus-associated genes in S. suis can be used as novel genetic markers for important clonal groups, we examined the correlation between STs and putative pilus-associated gene profiles in S. suis. Genomic searches using sequenced genomes and sequence data determined in several isolates revealed the presence of at least four distinct putative pilus gene clusters in S. suis (srtBCD, srtE, srtF, and srtG clusters). On the basis of the presence or absence of genes in the four clusters, 108 S. suis isolates from various origins were classified into 12 genotypes (genotypes A–L). Genotypes A and B, which possessed srtBCD plus srtF clusters and srtF plus srtG clusters, respectively, were the most common in isolates from diseased pigs and humans, and 29.9% and 59.8% of the isolates belonged to genotypes A and B, respectively. In contrast, only 4.8% and 28.6% of isolates from healthy carriers were genotypes A and B, respectively. MLST analysis showed the associations of genotypes A and B with ST1 and ST27 complexes, respectively. In addition, srtBCD and srtG clusters were preferentially distributed to ST1 and ST27 complex members, respectively. These results suggest that profiling of selected pilus-associated genes could be used as an easy screening method to monitor isolates important for S. suis infection.     

Genetic,biochemical and pathogenic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi strains

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi is a seedborne pathogen distributed worldwide that causes pea bacterial blight. Previous characterization of this pathogen has been carried out with relatively small and/or geographically limited samples. Here, a collection of 91 strains are examined that include strains from recent outbreaks in Spain (53 strains) and from 14 other countries, and that represent all races and the new race 8, including the type race strains. This collection was characterized on the basis of 55 nutritional tests, genetic analysis (rep‐PCR, amplification of AN3 and AN7 specific markers, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)) and pathogenicity on the differential pea cultivars to identify races. Principal component analysis and distance dendrograms confirm the existence of two genetic lineages within this pathovar, which are clearly discriminated by the AN3/AN7 markers, rep‐PCR and MLST. Strains from races 1 and 7 amplified the AN3 marker; those from races 2, 6 and 8 amplified AN7, while strains of races 3, 4 and 5 amplified either AN3 or AN7. Nevertheless, strains were not grouped by race type by any of the genetic or biochemical tests. Likewise, there was no significant association between metabolic and/or genetic profiling and the geographical origin of the strains. The Spanish collection diversity reflects the variability found in the worldwide collection, suggesting multiple introductions of the bacteria into Spain by contaminated seed lots.