Transmission of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ by naturally infected Cacopsylla pyri to peach,an approach to the epidemiology of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) in Spain

Peach orchards in the northeast of Spain were severely affected in 2012 by a previously unreported disease in this area. The symptoms included early reddening, leaf curling, decline, abnormal fruits, and in some cases death of the peach trees. All the infected peach samples were positive for ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’, but none were infected by the ‘Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’. In this work, potential vectors able to transmit ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’ from pear to peach and between peach trees were studied and their infective potential was analysed at different times of the year. Transmission trials of the phytoplasma with potential vectors to an artificial feeding medium for insects and to healthy peach trees were conducted. Additionally, isolated phytoplasmas were genetically characterized to determine which isolates were able to infect peach trees. Results showed that the only insect species captured inside peach plots that was a carrier of the ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’ phytoplasma was Cacopsylla pyri. Other insect species captured and known to be phytoplasma transmitters were present in very low numbers, and were not infected with ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’ phytoplasma. A total of 1928 individuals of C. pyri were captured in the peach orchards, of which around 49% were phytoplasma carriers. All the peach trees exposed to C. pyri in 2014, and 65% in 2015, were infected by ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’ 1 year after exposure, showing that this species is able to transmit the phytoplasma to peach. Molecular characterization showed that some genotypes are preferentially determined in peach.     

Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia in a Healthy Patient Returning from a Trip to the Ecuadorian Amazonia

Campylobacter fetus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes bacteremia and other invasive infections in immunocompromised patients who have been exposed to livestock or ingested animal products (uncooked meat or unpasteurized milk). The present report describes a C. fetus infection in a healthy adult (immunocompetent) who returned from a visit to the Ecuadorian Amazonia and who did not report exposure to the typical sources of infection.     

动物源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性、oqxAB和fexA基因流行性及spa分型研究

为了解河南省不同动物源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况、oqxAB和fexA基因的流行情况,分析spa基因多态性分型特点。用微量肉汤稀释法测定了分离菌对10种抗菌药物的敏感性,利用PCR方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌中的oqxAB和fexA耐药基因,扩增spa基因的X区域进行分型研究。结果表明,130株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对大多数药物产生耐药,青霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考和喹乙醇对分离菌的耐药率分别为94.62%,95.38%,92.31%,70.77%,55.38%,57.69%,32.31%,19.23%,但对替加环素、万古霉素较敏感。PCR检测发现,35株携带fexA基因,检出率为26.92%。17株携带oqxAB基因,检出率为13.08%。此外,有10株同时携带oqxAB和fexA基因,耐药性检测发现这10株菌耐药性较为严重。130株分离菌中107株菌可通过spa分型,分为21种spa型,最常见的spa型是t15075 (15.38%),其次是t189 (13.85%),t034 (9.23%),t091 (7.69%),t127 (6.92%),t164 (6.15%)。此外,只有t034 (9.23%)和t3512 (3.85%)能够出现在3种不同动物源(分别是牛、猪、鸡及牛、猪、鸭)的菌株中。综上,oqxAB和fexA基因在河南省的动物养殖场中已有一定的流行,同时携带oqxAB和fexA基因的菌株耐药性较为严重,spa型别具有多样性和差异性的特点,故临床应加强耐药性及分型监测。     

五指山猪白细胞抗原血清学研究

用２４支标准血清对２５头五指山猪进行白细胞抗原的血清学分型，根据标准微量淋巴细胞毒试验结果，按国际ＳＬＡ－Ａ、Ｃ、Ｂ抗原血清学分型标准、共检出２１种单倍型，另有８条、占１６％的单倍型不能确定。在所检出的单倍型中，Ｈ４、Ｈ３２含量较高，频率分别达０．１２和０．１０；Ｈ９、Ｈ１０、Ｈ１７、Ｈ２３、Ｈ３５、Ｈ４２、Ｈ５３等单倍型为中等频率分布，频率从０．０４￣０．０８；Ｈ１、Ｈ２、Ｈ３、Ｈ６、Ｈ８、Ｈ２     

禽沙门菌病检测技术研究进展

禽沙门菌病是家禽养殖领域中的常见病与高发病,给家禽产业中造成严重的经济损失,同时也严重威胁着禽产品消费者的健康安全.文章从沙门菌分类学、禽沙门菌流行血清型、快速检测技术以及分子分型技术等方面阐述了当前禽沙门菌的研究进展,以期为禽沙门菌病的防治提供参考.     

肉牛呼吸道皮特不动杆菌的生物学特性分析

为探究分离自四川南充、宜宾和什邡3个地区肉牛呼吸道的皮特不动杆菌之间生物学特性的差异,本实验对5株皮特不动杆菌分别进行了细菌染色、培养特性、生化试验、16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列聚类分析以及MLST分型等研究。结果显示,5株分离自肉牛呼吸道皮特不动杆菌的菌体形态和不同培养基上的菌落形态均相似;5株菌的生化特性并非完全一致,主要表现在ZZCSF1807-9的枸橼酸盐、精氨酸双水解试验为阳性,丙二酸盐为阴性,与其余4株菌相反;16S rDNA系统进化树显示,5株菌均聚集在同一分支,而gyrB基因系统进化树显示,ZZCSF1807-9与其余4株菌未在同一分支,存在进化距离;MLST分型结果显示,ZZCSF1807-9为ST214型,而另4株菌均与ST321型最为接近。上述结果表明,来源于呼吸道疾病肉牛的5株皮特不动杆菌在生化特性表型和gyrB基因,以及MLST型上存在一定差异,发生这些差异是否与各菌株的环境适应或因毒力变化有关尚有待进一步研究。     

鳖源柠檬酸杆菌属新种的分离鉴定与多位点序列

为确定2020年10月湖北一中华鳖发病的病原体及病原特征，实验从该养殖场患病中华鳖个体肝脏中分离获得1株优势菌A3，经理化性状及16S rRNA序列鉴定，表明菌株A3属于柠檬酸杆菌。进一步通过recN序列鉴定，发现A3与布氏柠檬酸杆菌recN碱基一致性为95.58%～96.01%，与柠檬酸杆菌属其他种的recN碱基一致性均低于93.72%，表明菌株A3为柠檬酸杆菌属潜在新种。人工回归感染实验证实菌株A3是引起本次中华鳖患病的病原菌。与嗜水气单胞菌相比，A3感染病程偏慢但致死率较高。药敏实验结果显示，菌株A3对美罗培南等10种抗生素敏感，对氟苯尼考等9种抗生素耐药。多位点序列分型(MLST)鉴定显示，菌株A3属于新序列型(ST)。对柠檬酸杆菌多位点序列分型的7个管家基因序列进行级联并构建系统发育树，结果显示，柠檬酸杆菌的进化与菌株的分离源及分离地点没有明显关系；菌株A3与分离自欧洲人源的ST120型菌株Citfre2580亲缘关系最近。本研究对中华鳖的病原进行了分离鉴定，并阐述了一种更可靠的柠檬酸杆菌鉴定方法，旨在引起人们对柠檬酸杆菌致病性的重视，为水产品健康养殖提供一定的参考依据。