内蒙古地区羊源副结核分枝杆菌的分离与基因分型

【目的】副结核病被世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列入必须报告的《OIE疫病、感染及侵染名录》,我国将其列为二类动物疫病,引起多种反刍动物慢性、增生性肠炎,感染动物通过肠道间歇性排菌而成为养殖场的持续传染源,给养殖业带来了巨大经济损失。其病原体副结核分枝杆菌（MAP）属于胞内寄生的革兰氏阳性菌,为三类动物病原微生物,包括S型（羊型,细分为Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和骆驼型）和C型（牛型、Ⅱ型,包括B型（野牛型））。有研究表明,各亚型MAP无宿主特异性,但具有地域性,内蒙古作为国内该病的首发地区,获得并准确鉴定内蒙古地区MAP菌株亚型及基因特征,对副结核病的预防控制意义重大。【方法】对内蒙古地区来源的28份MAP阳性的羊源病料进行MAP分离培养,菌落Ziehl-Neelsen染色,染色阳性菌扩繁,提取扩繁菌液基因组DNA,进行IS900基因、IS1311基因和DMC基因扩增、测序和序列分析,同时IS1311基因PCR产物进行Hinf I和Mse I双酶切鉴定。【结果】28份样品经过7—12周培养,共有9支培养基长出菌落,菌落半透明乳白色、表面光滑。挑取单菌落进行抗酸染色,在显微镜下观察到呈不规则（单个或分枝状...     

Molecular Typing of a BHV-4 (Bovine herpesvirus 4) Field Isolate

A new BHV-4 (bovine herpesvirus 4) isolated from a case of bovine interdigital dermatitis was characterized by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. To determine whether the new isolate (PR/1) belonged to BHV-4, DNA from infected cells was specifically amplified by PCR. We used a set of primers spanning a large 2.571 kb conserved region of the BHV-4 genome, including the 3 end of ORF1 (homologous to the EBV BVRF1 gene), ORF2 (homologous to the EBV BXRF1 gene), ORF3 (TK gene) and ORF4 (gH gene) 5 end, respectively. The identity of the amplified product was confirmed by HindIII restriction enzyme digestion and Southern hybridization. No product was observed from the DNA of other bovine herpesviruses tested. The restriction patterns of the PR/1 genome compared to DN 599, MOVAR 33/63 and LVR BHV-4 reference strains showed two kinds of differences, either related or not related to the prDNA (polyrepetitive DNA). Taken together, these data show that PR/1 is a new BHV-4. We would consider that the present report provides a scheme of work for diagnosis and typing of BHV-4 isolates.     

Evaluation of the utility and accuracy of body fluids containing red blood cells to determine canine and feline blood types

Objective

To examine the accuracy of using body fluids macroscopically suspected to contain erythrocytes to determine the blood type in dogs and cats by use of an immunochromatographic cartridge (ICC), compared to systemic blood as the reference standard.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty client-owned dogs and 8 cats.

Interventions

Dogs and cats with a sanguineous or serosanguineous body fluid (SBF) that also required a blood sample were eligible for inclusion. PCV and blood type were determined in all blood and fluid samples. For body fluids with a low PCV and discordant blood type results compared to systemic blood, sample concentration and repeat blood typing from the fluid was performed when enough sample was available.

Measurement and Main Results

Body fluid samples consisted of 16 pleural (11 dogs; 5 cats), 12 peritoneal (10 dogs; 2 cats), and 4 canine pericardial effusions, 3 urine samples, and 1 each of feces and epistaxis from dogs and a seroma sample from a cat. Median (range) manual PCV of blood and fluid samples was 34% (14%–66%) and 6% (0.5%–70%) for dogs and 28% (14%–48%) and 14% (0.5%–19%) for cats, respectively. Dogs were correctly classified as being DEA 1 negative, DEA 1 positive, and DEA 1 weak positive when using body fluid for blood typing 13 of 14, 4 of 9, and 5 of 7, respectively. All reference blood type to fluid blood type (FBT) discordant results had a body fluid PCV equal to or below 2%. Subsequently concentrated body fluid samples had a PCV above 8% and repeat FBT matched reference blood type (RBT). All cats were classified as type A by all RBTs and FBTs.

Conclusions

Body fluids containing erythrocytes may be utilized to blood type dogs if sufficiently concentrated and type A cats.     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清7型菌株毒力及耐药性分析

【目的】了解河南地区副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)血清7型流行菌株的毒力及耐药情况。【方法】以Hps血清7型参考菌株为对照,对6株Hps血清7型临床分离菌株进行16S rRNA基因扩增、序列分析、毒力基因检测、致病性试验和药敏试验研究。【结果】16S rRNA基因测序及相似性比对结果显示,菌株1436与参考菌株0007相似性为100%,菌株1565、1624与参考菌株0007相似性均为98.6%。系统发育树分析表明,菌株1436与参考菌株0007亲缘关系最近;菌株1624与参考菌株0007亲缘关系最远。6株临床菌株与参考菌株表现为2种毒力基因型,菌株均携带有vta1、vta2、vta3、wza、nanH、cdtA、cdtB、cdtC和espP2毒力基因,其中5株临床菌株还携带ompP2毒力基因。豚鼠致病性试验结果显示,临床菌株毒力较参考菌株表现出不同程度的增强,参考菌株不能感染豚鼠发病,未表现任何临床症状;临床菌株可感染豚鼠发病,表现出一定的临床症状,发病率为20%~40%,死亡率为0。参考菌株和临床菌株均对头孢他啶和头孢噻呋敏感,对强力霉素、氟苯尼考中介,对新霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、红霉素、替米考星等耐药,且均表现出多重耐药现象。【结论】Hps血清7型临床菌株有一定的致病性,但毒力较弱,对头孢类药物敏感,有明显的多重耐药现象,临床上应注意对该血清型的防控。本研究为Hps血清7型流行病学、致病机制研究奠定了基础,为Hps血清7型的临床防控提供了参考依据。     

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of California Flavobacterium psychrophilum reveals novel genotypes and predominance of CC‐ST10 in California salmonid hatcheries

The Gram‐negative bacterium, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, is endemic to California, USA, where it is an important pathogen in salmonid aquaculture, especially in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Disease outbreaks caused by F. psychrophilum in rainbow trout fingerlings can approach 90% mortality, resulting in millions of dollars of economic losses annually. The focus of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of 49 F. psychrophilum isolates collected from disease outbreaks in 17 salmonid hatcheries in California, USA, from 2015 to 2018 using multilocus sequence typing. Results suggest California F. psychrophilum isolates are diverse, representing 11 distinct sequence types (STs), three of which were previously undescribed. Still, the majority of genotyped isolates (n = 41) belonged to a single clonal complex (CC), CC‐ST10, which is the largest CC worldwide and has been linked to disease outbreaks on several continents. Results of this study provide evidence of marked intraspecific genetic diversity of F. psychrophilum from California. The biological significance of this genetic variability is unclear but could have implications for future vaccine development and treatments. Further studies investigating the virulence, antigenic, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of F. psychrophilum are warranted to better understand the epizootiology of this pathogen in the Western United States.     

Pinpointing the role of Aeromonas salmonicida in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda)

Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda). An experiment was performed to pinpoint its role in ulceration development, considering the importance of the skin barrier and the pigmented and non-pigmented sides. The skin of dab was treated in three zones, one where scales and epidermis were removed, one where mucus was discarded and one non-treated zone. Fish were tagged to allow individual identification and challenged with A. salmonicida. Mortality and severity of the developing lesions were recorded for 21 days post-inoculation. Starting 12 days post-inoculation, mortality occurred gradually in challenged fish; however, no direct cause could be established. Both control fish and challenged fish developed ulcerations containing A. salmonicida. Sequencing of vapA gene revealed that isolates retrieved from both groups were distinct, suggesting the presence of A. salmonicida prior to the trial. Most ulcerations developed in zones where skin was removed, suggesting that abrasion might be a predisposing factor in ulceration development. Ulcerations were also observed at the insertion site of the tag, where exposed muscle tissue might have favoured the development of ulcerations. In conclusion, A. salmonicida seems to be involved in the development of skin ulcerations in dab, although the exact pathogenesis needs to be elucidated.     

健康与腹泻仔猪源A型产气荚膜梭菌的多位点序列分型

A型产气荚膜梭菌(CpA)存在于健康仔猪肠道,同时也是仔猪肠毒血症的关键病原.为研究两者的差异,本试验在江西省4个地区采集健康和腹泻仔猪粪便样本分离得到CpA,通过16S rRNA鉴定所有CpA分离株,并通过多重PCR确定分离株的毒素分型.采用MLST多位点序列分型技术对选取的24株CpA(腹泻或健康来源CpA各12株...     

Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates derived from Japanese fish

Sixty-four isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel), and other fish (n=16) in Japan and the type strain (NCIMB 1947(T)) were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with endonuclease BlnI and XhoI. These isolates were classified into 20 clusters and 42 genotypes by PFGE analysis. The most predominant cluster of isolates from ayu was cluster XII (n=20), followed by clusters XVII, XVI, XX, XI, IX, X, XIII and XV; the remaining 17 isolates from other fish were divided into clusters I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XIV, XVIII and XIX. The PFGE genotype of isolates from ayu clearly differed from those of other fish. The isolates from ayu in Gunma Prefecture belonged to clusters XII, XVI, XVII and XX, and the strains of three of these clusters (XII, XVII and XX) were isolated from ayu in 15 of 19 prefectures. PFGE typing enabled more accurate classification of isolates into clusters than previously achieved by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. These results suggest that F. psychrophilum isolated from ayu and other fish are genetically different and strains with several PFGE types have spread within Japan.     

禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌多位点序列分型研究

为了解国内禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌流行情况,对分离自18省份的84株多杀性巴氏杆菌采用荚膜多重PCR分型和多位点序列分型对其血清型和基因型进行鉴定。结果表明:禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌主要以血清A型为主,占96.4%(81/84);多位点序列分型可将禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌分为5种ST型,其中ST129为主要流行型,占94.0%(79/84)。本研究为我国禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的流行病学监测和基因多样性提供了数据支持。