Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, the Inland Sea of Japan, as influenced by bottom intrusion of cold and nutrient-rich water from the Pacific Ocean, and a recent trend of warming and oligotrophication

Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, productive shelf water on the Pacific side of south‐western Japan, was analysed based on physicochemical environmental variables and abundance of major zooplankton taxa collected monthly for 12 yr from 1987 to 1999. The Kii Channel experienced both short‐term (i.e. 3–4 yr) cyclical changes and a long‐term (i.e. decadal) environmental trend. The short‐term variability was primarily associated with year‐to‐year differences in intrusion of subsurface, cold nutrient‐rich water along the bottom of the Kii Channel from the Pacific Ocean. When this bottom intrusion was intense, the Kii Channel experienced a cold, new production‐dominated ecosystem. The bottom intrusion, however, has become less intense in recent years, because of the closer proximity of the Kuroshio flow axis to the Kii Channel. Hence, there was a consistent trend towards warming and a regenerated production‐dominated ecosystem. In accordance with such environmental changes, the zooplankton community shifted towards more oceanic conditions; major herbivorous calanoids (i.e. Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus (s.l.), Clausocalanus spp. and Acartia omorii) decreased, while carnivores (i.e. hydromedusae and Sagitta spp.) increased. The amount of total fish catch also decreased, while the catch of subtropical species increased. These findings lead us to conclude that the bottom intrusion from the Pacific Ocean plays a key role in determining the biological production in the Kii Channel.     

应用高效草坪产业推动土地流转

一项新科技在示范、推广过程中,凭借龙头企业的经济实力,发挥其对草坪产业开发的拉动与扩张能力。采用先示范、获效益、再利用农民专业合作社等多种形式,把农民自愿地组织在一起,从事某一项草坪产业,实现土地的流转和产业专业化,促进农村经济发展、农民增收、农村面貌改善。     

北虫草工厂化高产栽培技术研究

北虫草是一种药食兼用的大型真菌,近年来越来越受到广大消费者的青睐。文中概述了北虫草的生物学特性、栽培模式、栽培设施、菌种选择和室内栽培技术,包括菌种制备、配料装盒、灭菌、接种、发菌培养、促进转色、子座培养等各个环节。     

Validation of the otolith increment deposition ratio using alizarin marks in juveniles of the sparid fishes, Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo

Deposition rate of otolith increments was validated by two immersions in alizarin complexone 10 days apart in juvenile Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo. Alizarin complexone produced a well-defined scarlet band on the otoliths of all individuals. One increment:one day ratio was found for both species.     

Circulating levels and in vitro production of two maturation-inducing hormones in teleost: 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, in a daily spawning wrasse, Pseudolabrus japonicus

The female bambooleaf wrasse, Pseudolabrus japonicus, spawns daily during the spawning season, and exhibits a diurnal rhythm of ovarian development. In the present study, we have investigated: (1) circulating levels of 17a, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen- 17,20-P) and 17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) in females sampled at different times of the day during spawning season in captivity, and (2) in vitro production of 17,20-P and 20-S by follicle-enclosed oocytes at seven different develo tal stages. In addition, we developed a microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 17,20-P. Serum levels of 17,20-P and 20-S showed similar diurnal changes; substantial increases in these levels occurred around the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In vitro experiments showed that massive production of 17,20-P and 20-S occurred in follicles collected just before or during GVBD. Further, acute decreases in 17,20-P and 20-S production were found in the ovarian follicles just prior to ovulation, suggesting inactivation of the maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). These results, taken together with our previous data on the occurrence of GVBD in vitro, suggest a role for both 17,20-P and 20b-S as MIHs in the bambooleaf wrasse.     

NR/ENR/SiO_2复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械混炼的方法制备不同ENR含量的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料,使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的动态力学性能和阻尼性能进行分析。结果表明:ENR对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼性能具有显著影响。动态热机械分析测试结果表明,随着ENR用量的增多,NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料在使用温度范围内的损耗因子积分面积增大,阻尼性能提高。橡胶加工分析频率扫描和应变扫描测试结果表明,在频率小于10 HZ不同应变时,加入了ENR的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼因子均高于NR/SiO2复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果证实,ENR的加入减少了SiO2的自聚,改善了填料在橡胶基体中的分散,从而使NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料力学性能得到提高。     

施用不同配比肥料对番木瓜产量与品质的影响

为探讨不同氮磷钾配合施肥对海南地区番木瓜产量和品质的影响,在海南儋州地区进行了氮磷钾不同配比施肥试验。结果表明:施肥可增加番木瓜的产量,不同氮磷钾的施肥组合有不同的增产效果,增产率变化在25.30%~69.08%之间。其中氮的增产效果最好,磷肥次之,钾肥最差。结合氮、磷、钾各水平的增产情况和经济效益分析,认为N 340 g/株、P2O5470 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜高产的推荐配方。番木瓜不同品质指标对氮磷钾不同水平组合的响应不同。施肥显著增加单果重,增幅在5.92%~23.64%之间。钾对单果重的贡献优于磷,氮最差。尽管施肥没有造成番木瓜大多品质指标上的显著差异,但从各品质指标与各元素水平之间的变化趋势关系上给出施肥建议是,番木瓜要维持较高品质,必须慎施氮肥,多施磷、钾肥。结合经济效益和环保因素,从理论上N 210 g/株、P2O5210 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜优质的推荐配方。     

四川省水稻种业知识产权保护现状及发展对策研究

以四川省2000-2012年水稻种业核心知识产权(水稻品种权和水稻发明专利)保护与管理状况为研究对象,重点对水稻核心知识产权的申请量、授权量、申请机构及技术领域分布等信息进行分析。在此基础上,探讨了四川水稻种业知识产权保护管理中存在的问题,并提出促进四川水稻种业知识产权保护的对策与建议。     

江苏水稻机插秧发展现状与技术对策

本文简述了江苏省机插秧的发展现状,分析了水稻机插在江苏省推广应用中存在的问题,并从品种应用、育秧环节、栽插规格、肥水运筹等方面阐述了机插秧的高产栽培技术对策。     

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Monogalactosyl Diacylglycerols and a Monoacylglycerol from the Edible Brown Seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus

A monoacylglycerol (1) and a 1:1 mixture of two monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDGs) (2 and 3) were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means (NMR and MS) and by comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was composed of a glycerol moiety linked to oleic acid (C18:1 Ω9). Compounds 2 and 3 contained a glycerol moiety linked to a galactose unit and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 Ω3) combined with octadecatetraenoic acid (C18:4 Ω3) or linolenic acid (C18:3 Ω3), respectively. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. All of them inhibited NO production at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The fraction consisting of compounds 2 and 3, in a ratio of 1:1, was slightly more effective than compound 1 (IC₅₀ of 60.06 and 65.70 µg/mL, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of these compounds from F. spiralis and on their anti-inflammatory capacity.