Measurement of digestibility in agastric fish based on stripping method – apparent nutrient,energy and amino acid digestibilities of common feed ingredients for carp diets (Cyprinus carpio)

Apparent nutrient, energy and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of wheat starch (WS), corn starch (CS), pea protein concentrate (PPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SM) were assessed indirectly in common carp by applying the marker‐based indicator method. Each test diet consisted of 70% reference diet and 30% test ingredient. Stripping as faeces collection technique was applied to obtain faecal material two times a day for 9 weeks. Apparent digestibilities of ingredients (ADIs) for crude protein (CP) were higher in SM (79.5 ± 5.1%) and SPC (75.2 ± 4.8%) than in CGM (59.2 ± 6.6%). Regarding ADIs of individual AAs, SM and SPC always showed higher values than CGM and PPC. ADIs for crude carbohydrates in CS (90.4 ± 2.2%), WS (88.8 ± 2.0%) and CGM (82.3 ± 3.9%) exhibited higher amounts than in SM (26.3 ± 1.0%). Evaluated apparent digestibilities indicate that in particular SM and SPC are good protein and CGM, WS and CS are promising carbohydrate sources to be included in diets for common carp. A strong correlation between ADI_CP and ADI_AA was determined. Stripping used for digestibility measurement in carp was found to be a viable method as conventional passive faeces collecting techniques such as sedimentation or sieving.     

鳙鳃凝集素的分离纯化及理化性质的研究

利用DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换和Sephacryl S-200 HR及Superdex 200 10/300 GL分子筛层析技术,从鳙鳃组织中分离纯化到一种岩藻糖专一的凝集素,命名为GANL.在还原SDS-PAGE电泳上显示单一蛋白染色带,其亚基相对分子质量为37 kD.经Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析测得其天然相对分子质量为220 kD.GANL的中性糖含量为13.4%.因此,GANL作为一种由相同亚基组成多亚基糖蛋白.GANL对兔红细胞有专一的凝集活性,其凝集活性不依赖Ca~(2+).在被测的单糖、双糖及糖蛋白中,仅岩藻糖能抑制其凝集活性.氨基酸分析表明GANL的Asp、Glu、Leu、Val、Lys的含量较高,Cys-S的含量为0.81%.GANL的最适pH为8～9;具有很高的热稳定性,最适温度为50 ℃.     

2个锦鲤人工养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

采用13对微卫星引物,对2个锦鲤(Ornamental carp)人工养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,锦鲤群体的遗传多样性水平较高;其平均等位基因数(A)为7.86和8.37;2个群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.7911和0.7928,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.6735和0.6792,平均多态信息含量为0.7145和0.7192.群体间的遗传距离为0.1057,遗传相似度为0.9011.13个微卫星位点可用于锦鲤群体的遗传学研究.     

草鱼LPL基因的表达及饥饿和再投喂对其影响

获得了草鱼脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase, LPL)部分cDNA序列（GenBank注册号为FJ612596）,并进行了序列同源性分析;采用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应（SQ-RT-PCR）方法,检测了LPL基因在草鱼不同组织和不同发育阶段脂肪细胞中的表达状况;研究了饥饿和再投喂对草鱼肝胰脏LPL基因表达的影响。结果显示,所获得的草鱼LPL部分cDNA序列长度为360 bp,与其它物种的同源性为70%~89%; LPL基因在肝胰脏、肌肉、心脏、鳃、腹腔脂肪组织中均表达,其中在腹腔脂肪组织中表达丰度最高,在鳃中表达丰度最低;在成熟脂肪细胞中的表达丰度显著高于基质脉管组分（stromal vascular fraction,SVF）细胞;草鱼LPL基因表达水平在饥饿48 h后显著升高,再次投喂后12 h,回复到0 h的表达水平。研究表明,草鱼LPL在不同组织及脂肪细胞分化的起始和终末阶段均有表达,显示其在草鱼不同组织和脂肪细胞分化中具有重要作用,同时,其表达水平受营养状况的调控。论文首次克隆得到草鱼LPL基因部分cDNA序列,并对其进行了表达分析,研究结果可为LPL在鱼类脂质代谢中的作用研究提供参考和依据。     

松浦镜鲤与德国镜鲤选育系（F4）的可量性状、鳞片数比较

对松浦镜鲤（SP）和德国镜鲤选育系（F4）（DJ）的可量性状及体表鳞片数进行比较,SP与DJ的可量性状与体表鳞被存在差异。SP的体长／体高（2．44±0．15）、头长／眼间距（2．24±0．08）明显小于DJ,体长／头长（3．86±0.20）、头长／吻长（2．99±0．23）明显大于DJ,SP体表的鳞片数明显少于DJ。结果表明,从DJ到SP遗传选育过程中,体型和鳞片的变化已达到了选育目的。     

草鱼HSP70基因cDNA部分序列克隆及其组织表达差异

根据鲤热休克蛋白70(Heat shock protein,HSP70)序列(AY120894)设计并合成一对引物,以草鱼(Cteno-pharyngodon idella)肝胰脏组织总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增获得草鱼HSP70基因cDNA部分序列,并进行了组织表达差异性研究。结果显示:所获为序列为480 bp,获得GeneBank登陆号为FJ483832。序列测序结果显示,HSP70扩增序列与鲤、斑马鱼、鲋的同源性为:93%、91%、93%。另外,所获序列HSP70在草鱼脂肪、肌肉、肠、脑、粘液、性腺、鳔、肝胰脏、心脏、脾脏、鳃、鳍12个组织的表达存在差异,HSP70在草鱼这12个组织中均检测到表达,其中在鳍中表达最高,极显著高于其他组织(P<0.01);在鳔中表达次之,且与脑、心脏、性腺中表达差异不显著;在粘液中表达最低。     

添加芽孢杆菌对草鱼池塘中真核微生物的影响

为了研究添加芽孢杆菌对池塘中真核微生物群落结构和理化因子的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了实验组(添加芽孢杆菌池塘)与对照组(普通池塘)水体真核微生物群落结构,同时分析了两组池塘的水体理化指标。结果表明:8、9月实验组池塘水体中TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。水体中梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、红囊藻(Hedriocystis)、蓝隐藻(Chroomonas)、丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)真核微生物丰度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组池塘水体真核微生物Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验结果证实:通过向池塘添加芽孢杆菌,可以改变水体中真核微生物群落的结构,从而实现对池塘理化因子的调节。研究结果对于降低水产养殖尾水对水域环境的污染具有一定的意义。     

利用微滴数字PCR技术分析转基因大豆‘GE-J12’中外源基因的拷贝数

为鉴定抗除草剂转基因大豆新品种‘GE-J12’的外源基因插入拷贝数,以该转化体的外源插入目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT的序列、3′转化体特异性序列为靶序列,设计PCR扩增引物和TaqMan探针,并对引物探针特异性进行鉴定,同时以大豆内标基因Lectin为参照,建立微滴数字PCR拷贝数检测体系。特异性试验结果显示,只有以抗除草剂转基因大豆‘GE-J12’基因组DNA为模板才有扩增信号。以单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’基因组DNA为模板,进行外源目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT、3′转化体特异性序列的微滴数字PCR检测,转基因大豆‘GE-J12’的外源目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT在基因组上的插入拷贝数均值分别为0.99和1.01。同时3′转化体特异性序列的拷贝数均值为1.00,验证单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’为纯合子,因此鉴定该单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’的外源基因在大豆基因组上为单拷贝插入,同时与Southern blot方法进行比较,结果一致。     

Establishment of a new cell line susceptible to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) and possible latency of CyHV‐3 by temperature shift in the cells

A new cell line named CCF‐K104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °C to 30 °C. Serial morphological changes in the cells induced by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. Mature virions were purified from CyHV‐3‐infected CCF‐K104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. Infectious CyHV‐3 was produced stably in CCF‐K104 cells over 30 viral passages. Our findings showed that CCF‐K104 is a useful cell line for isolation and productive replication of CyHV‐3. A temperature shift from 25 °C to 15 °C or 35 °C did not allow serial morphological changes as observed at 25 °C for 14 days. Under the same conditions, real‐time PCR showed that CyHV‐3 was present with low viral DNA loads, suggesting that CyHV‐3 may establish latent infection in CCF‐K104 cells. Amplification of the left and right terminal repeat sequences of the CyHV‐3 genome arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner was detected by nested PCR following an upshift in temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C. The PCR results suggested that the circular genome may represent a latent form of CyHV‐3.