吴旗县退耕还林生态效益价值评估

生态效益的评价和核算对评价林业生态工程的建设效果至关重要。综合运用专家咨询、理论分析法和频度分析3种方法。建立了吴旗县退耕还林生态效益评价指标体系，使用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法和替代法等方法，对该县退耕还林6年来的生态效益进行了价值核算。结果表明：吴旗县退耕还林工程具有巨大的生态效益,核算后的总生态价值约为24．8亿元，其中拦蓄保护水资源价值为6．4亿元，保护土地资源退化价值为6亿元，净化空气价值为5．3亿元，改善小气候价值0．3亿元，保护农田价值为0．02亿元．增加生物多样性价值为6．7亿元。研究结果可为黄土区退耕还林工程建设效益评价提供参考。     

不同治理措施对流动沙地天然植被恢复效果的影响

流动沙地采取不同治理措施7 a后,天然植被恢复效果不同。①生态垫阻断了天然植被的正常演替规律,植被盖度和物种丰富度只有4.31%和3种。同期营造的人工林中,小叶锦鸡儿和侧柏林地的植被盖度和物种丰富度最高,均大大超过同期封育的流动沙地,新疆杨和欧美杨84林地的植被盖度和物种丰富度最低,沙枣和榆树林地居于中间位置。②新疆杨和欧美杨84林地植被一年生草本占绝对优势,榆树和沙枣林地多年生草本和灌木数量有所增加,侧柏和小叶锦鸡儿林地物种生活型结构已趋于多样化。③集沙观测表明,生态垫、侧柏和小叶锦鸡儿林地均无风蚀现象,欧美杨84和新疆杨林地风蚀较为严重,榆树和沙枣林地风蚀较轻。     

增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨 Ⅰ.增产菌对甜菜根叶生长、叶绿素含量、光合及蒸腾的效应

在田间栽培条件下研究了增产菌对甜菜的生理效应,研究表明:在不同生育期增产菌均能促进甜菜的根叶生长,并能减少叶片的气孔阻力,促进甜菜的光合作用,改善光合产物的分配以及提高甜菜的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。     

鹿茸多肽提取分离纯化及药理作用研究进展

鹿茸多肽具有抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫并能促进细胞分化、伤口愈合、抑制肿瘤细胞、促进神经系统、周围神经系统组织的再生等药理作用,是鹿茸中最有效的成分之一。文中对鹿茸多肽的提取,分离纯化及药理作用研究进展进行了综述,希望为鹿茸多肽的研究和开发提供参考。     

Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic,bee pollen and propolis on growth performance,carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits

Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.     

稻田青蛙种群动态及其作用评价

文中根据稻田青蛙种群密度消长调查和蛙胃解剖内容物的分析,评价了稻田青蛙对主要水稻害虫的控制效果。     

用压力传感器产气技术评定玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的组合效应

采用压力传感器体外产气技术,研究了玉米秸秆添补不同比例0(AH0)、20%(AH20)、40%(AH40)、60%(AH60)、80%(AH80)与100%(AH100)苜蓿(AH)在产气量上的组合效应。各组的组合效应均在24h达到最大值,24h后则随培养时间的延长而下降,但只有AH40组,亦即当苜蓿添加比例占"玉米秸秆-苜蓿"组合的40%时达到显著水准(P<0.05),且以AH40组下降较慢,在48h仍达到显著水准(P<0.05)。就单一的产气指标而言,玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的比例以占整个日粮总量的40%为宜。     

三聚氰胺的毒理学研究进展

三聚氰胺(MA)化学性质稳定,在体内代谢不活泼,能以原体或同系物形式从尿液排出体外,在F344大鼠血浆中的半衰期为2.7h,在肾脏的清除率为2.5mL/min;MA对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)为4550mg/(kg.bw),在国际化学物质急性毒性分级中属低毒性物质,接近微毒;MA对家兔、豚鼠和人眼无刺激作用;与三聚氰酸同时存在时毒性增加,毒性作用的靶器官为膀胱和肾脏;MA致癌性研究文献较少,结果也不一致,国际癌症研究中心认为MA对动物有致癌的可能性,但没有证据表明对人类有致癌作用。目前的研究认为,MA对环境和人的潜在危险性较小。对国内外关于三聚氰胺毒性的研究概况进行了总结,并综述了MA的污染及代谢、毒性和检测方法。