南麂岛岩礁潮间带软体动物种类数量变化及其演替

为揭示南麂岛岩礁潮间带软体动物种类组成与数量分布及其演替状况,于2013年11月,2014年2月、5月、8月,共4次对南麂岛的潮间带7个断面进行了定量和定性调查,并对软体动物的种类、数量和优势种变化及物种多样性进行了研究。结果显示,共鉴定出软体动物种类63种,隶属于3纲113目34科52属,其平均栖息密度和生物量为506.5个/m2和801.54 g/m2;条纹隔贻贝(Septifer virgatus)是4个季节共有的且优势度最大的优势种;软体动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')平均值为冬季(1.73)春季(1.69)夏季(1.58)秋季(1.40);与历史资料对比发现,其物种数及生物量有一定程度的减少。研究表明,南麂岛岩礁潮间带的软体动物发育较好,栖息密度和生物量远高于邻近的其他岛屿,但与此前调查结果相比却有所降低。     

生活污水对珠江口渔业水域环境的影响评价

以2011~2015年间以及2001年度珠江口水域渔业生态环境监测数据为基础,选取pH、溶解氧、总氮、总磷4个监测指标,分析研究了近5年来的变化趋势特点及其年代间差异。结果表明:2011~2015年间,珠江口水域pH值指标尚处于相对合理范围内,但呈现波动上升趋势;溶解氧指标仅2015年符合地表水Ⅱ类水质标准和渔业水质标准,从中长期来看呈逐步下降趋势;总氮含量显著超标、总磷含量超标幅度略低,但均较2001年水平有大幅上升。目前,珠江口水域生活污水对渔业生态环境影响整体仍处于重污染状态。基于上述研究结果,建议相关管理和执法部门强化珠江口水域及整个珠江流域的生活污水排放与处理监管,以期逐步改善和提高珠江口水域渔业生态环境质量。     

Oceanographic investigation of the American Samoa albacore (Thunnus alalunga) habitat and longline fishing grounds

The American Samoa fishing ground is a dynamic region with strong mesoscale eddy activity and temporal variability on scales of <1 week. Seasonal and interannual variability in eddy activity, induced by baroclinic instability that is fueled by horizontal shear between the eastward‐flowing South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) and the westward‐flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC), seems to play an important role in the performance of the longline fishery for albacore. Mesoscale eddy variability in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) peaks from March to April, when the kinetic energy of the SECC is at its strongest. Longline albacore catch tends to be highest at the eddy edges, while albacore catch per effort (CPUE) shows intra‐annual variability with high CPUE that lags the periods of peak eddy activity by about 2 months. When CPUE is highest, the values are distributed toward the northern half of the EEZ, the region affected most by the SECC. Further indication of the possible importance of the SECC for longline performance is the significant drop in eddy variability in 2004 when compared with that observed in 2003 – resulting from a weak SECC – which was accompanied by a substantial drop in albacore CPUE rates and a lack of northward intensification of CPUE. From an ecosystem perspective, evidence to support higher micronekton biomass in the upper 200 m at eddy boundaries is inconclusive. Albacore's vertical distribution seems to be governed by the presence of prey. Albacore spend most of their time between 150 and 250 m, away from the deep daytime and shallow nighttime sonic scattering layers, at depths coinciding with those of small local maxima in micronekton biomass whose backscattering properties are consistent with those of albacore's preferred prey. Settling depths of longline sets during periods of decreased eddy activity correspond to those most occupied by albacore, possibly contributing to the lower CPUE by reducing catchability through rendering bait less attractive to albacore in the presence of prey.     

Reproductive season and female maturity size of coconut crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Birgus latro</Emphasis> on Hatoma Island,southern Japan

Information about reproductive season, size at sexual maturity and size-dependent reproductive potentials is important for efficient resource management. Such information is necessary to determine seasonal closures and minimum legal size limits. To conserve resources of coconut crab Birgus latro, which are in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation, their reproductive season, female size at functional maturity and relationship between female size and reproductive potentials were investigated. The reproductive season started in early June and ended late August, and females with higher reproductive potentials showed a tendency to spawn early in the reproductive season. The prohibition of exploiting the resources during the reproductive season, especially early in the season, would be appropriate for sustainability of high reproductive outputs. Fifty percent of investigated females matured functionally at 24.5-mm thoracic length (TL). However, the size at which all females reached functional maturity was 32.3 mm TL, and there was a wide variation in the size of functional maturity among individuals. We must determine minimum legal size by taking the variation into account to allow all individuals to mate at least once before they are caught, which may prevent serious depression in reproductive rate and genetic diversity.     

青岛近海赤潮灾害分级与时空分布及赤潮生物的变化

根据赤潮发生面积和赤潮藻类的危害类型,将青岛近海发生的赤潮划分为特大、重度、中度、轻度和轻微共计5个灾害级别。结果表明,1990-2013年青岛近海共计发生赤潮33次,以轻微灾害和轻度灾害为主,其它级别尚未发生;其中,发生面积小于10 km2赤潮占总数的51.5%,60.6%的赤潮由基本无害的赤潮种类引起,发生范围以胶州湾和浮山湾近海为主;赤潮次数和面积基本呈现4~5年的波动周期,高发期集中在每年的6-8月;主要赤潮生物种类是红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)和夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans);引发赤潮的生物种类逐渐增多,甲藻比例升高,罕见种类逐渐出现。赤潮种类的变化反映出青岛近海浮游植物的种类组成发生了改变,与期间青岛近岸海洋环境的变化密切相关。     

红海苏丹沿岸渔场的调查与分析

本文系烟台海洋渔业公司于2000～2001年派出的两艘船对苏丹沿岸渔业资源的调查报告,着重对苏丹渔场的渔业资源、海洋环境等进行分析。结果表明：苏丹沿海渔场可供开发利用的经济鱼、虾品种资源数量有限,渔场底质结构复杂多样,工业化捕捞船队投入生产没有多大的商业开发价值。     

辽宁省葠窝水库水质现状与渔业性能评价

近年来,葠窝水库流域综合管理提高了水库水质状况,为了给下一步的渔业生产提供科学依据,在2008-2009年对葠窝水库6个代表性断面进行了4次采样调查和实验室分析,并采用水质综合评价方法对葠窝水库水质进行评价。检测结果表明水质状况总体有所好转,主要污染物为非离子氨和重金属铜,其他指标正常。采用流域综合水质指数法对水库总体水质状况进行评价,水库水质指数为4.33,为Ⅳ类水质;综合考虑水库理化特征、库龄和形态等,评价葠窝水库属中营养类型。通过对葠窝水库进行渔业水质分析发现,库区大部分地区符合水产养殖基本要求,建议在局部科学发展渔业生产。     

辽宁省葠窝水库水质现状与渔业性能评价

近年来,葠窝水库流域综合管理提高了水库水质状况,为了给下一步的渔业生产提供科学依据,在2008-2009年对葠窝水库6个代表性断面进行了4次采样调查和实验室分析,并采用水质综合评价方法对葠窝水库水质进行评价。检测结果表明水质状况总体有所好转,主要污染物为非离子氨和重金属铜,其他指标正常。采用流域综合水质指数法对水库总体...     

伊洛河黄河鲤天然产卵场渔业水质评价

2004-2009年5-8月对伊洛河黄河鲤（Cyprinus carpio haematoperus）天然产卵场水体中的TN、TP等营养盐和WT、pH、DO、CODMn、挥发酚、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等理化指标进行了为期6年的连续监测,对该水域水质的年代变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究和综合评价。结果表明,黄河鲤天然...     

Spillover effects of a Mediterranean marine protected area on the European spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) resource

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