南美白对虾双茬淡化养殖技术研究

研究采用南美白对虾塑料大棚保温三级淡化暂养技术等措施,实现南美白对虾池塘双茬淡化养殖。养成期间水质情况良好,水温平均（26±3）℃,pH值约8．5左右,溶氧量5．6m叽以上,氧氮约0．20mg/L,亚硝酸氮0．02m班左右,每667m^2养殖产量达426．7kg,养殖效益高达4186．7元。结果表明,采用南美白对虾双茬淡化养殖技术,延长了对虾生长期,提高了池塘利用率和经济效益,具有较好的推广价值.     

Recording cerebellar neuron activities in swimming goldfish

ABSTRACT:   Neuronal activities were investigated in the cerebellum of immobilized and swimming goldfish Carassius auratus . Extracellularly recorded neural activities of the cerebellum in immobilized goldfish were characterized and classified into five types. Based on the waveforms and recording depths, these five neural activity types were estimated to originate from three identified classes of cerebellar neurons: Purkinje cells, eurydendroid cells, and granule cells. Chronic recording of cerebellar neuron activities in unrestrained goldfish was performed for more than 100 h. During the chronic recordings, a submersible amplifier attached to the goldfish head, and a multielectrode array developed for the present study were used. Neuronal activities in the cerebellum of free-swimming fish could also be classified into five types as in the immobilized condition. Firing patterns of two neurons identified as Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells were analyzed during turning movements of the goldfish. The firing patterns of these neurons changed in relation to turning movements. Although some improvements are required, the chronic recording method developed in the present study can be applied to further investigations concerning the direct relationship between brain neural activities and certain behavior.     

基于Transformer的强泛化苹果叶片病害识别模型

模型泛化能力是病害识别模型多场景应用的关键,该研究针对不同环境下的苹果叶片病害数据,提出一种可以提取多类型特征的强泛化苹果叶片病害识别模型CaTNet。该模型采用双分支结构,首先设计了一种卷积神经网络分支,负责提取苹果叶片图像的局部特征,其次构建了具有挤压和扩充功能的视觉Transformer分支,该分支能够提取苹果叶片图像的全局特征,最后将两种特征进行融合,使Transformer分支可以学习局部特征,使卷积神经网络分支学习全局特征。与多种卷积神经网络模型和Transformer模型相比,该模型具有更好的泛化能力,仅需学习实验室环境叶片数据,即可在自然环境数据下达到80%的识别精度,相较卷积神经网络EfficientNetV2提升7.21个百分点,相较Transformer网络PVT提升26.63个百分点,能够有效提升对不同环境数据的识别精度,解决了深度学习模型训练成本高,泛化能力弱的问题。     

Biochemical responses of matrinxãBrycon cephalus (Günther, 1869) after sustained swimming

Juvenile matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, were submitted to sustained swimming for 72 days at 1.0 body length s^?1. Exercised fish (EF) grew more than non‐EF and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved; haematological responses demonstrated a decrease in haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin contents and increase in the mean cell volume. In the plasma, sodium, ammonia and amino acid concentrations increased; plasma triglycerides decreased while free fatty acids increased. Liver glucose, free amino acids, ammonia, the rate protein per fish weight and total lipid content increased, while the glycogen per fish ratio declined. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased while pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased. White muscle glucose, lactate, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and total lipid content exhibited a decrease in their values; ammonia, free amino acids and the protein per fish‐weight ratio increased. GDH and PK decreased their activities. In the red muscle glycogen store, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and glucose were reduced. Juvenile matrinxãs, under sustained swimming, were physiologically and biochemically adapted to exercise as indicated by improved blood flow, transport and oxygen uptake, FCR, amino acid and protein incorporation and growth. Continuous exercise is a good practice for B. cephalus cultivation.     

牙鲆仔鱼早期阶段的摄食能力

本文主要在实际观察值的基础上,利用发育反应方程Ｃ＝ＫＷ＾ｙ与功能反应Ｈｏｌｌｉｎｇ、Ｉｖｌｅｖ方程对２～１０日龄的牙鲆仔鱼的摄食能力进行了计算与预测。其结果表明：牙鲆仔鱼在２～６日龄、轮虫饵料密度不超过３０００ｉｎｄ．Ｌ＾－１的水体中,摄食强度不超过１．７μｇ．ｈ＾－１;随着日龄的增加,摄食强度迅速增强,在４、６、１０日龄、饵料密度为３０００ｉｎｄ．Ｌ＾－１的水体中,摄食强度分别是１．３５、１．６     

培育大学生就业能力途径探析

指出了大学生就业问题日益成为社会关注的热点和难点问题,培育大学生就业能力具有重要的价值意义,采用要素分析的方法全面解析了大学生就业能力的内涵及影响因素,进而从个人、学校、社会三个层面提出了培育大学生的就业能力应采取的措施。     

园林植物抗寒性测定技术的研究

阐述并比较分析了目前园林植物抗寒性测定的主要方法,包括生态学鉴定法、越冬适应性观察法、生长恢复法以及间接鉴定法等,为准确、快捷鉴定园林植物的抗寒能力提供参考。     

国槐苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆、反义表达载体构建及遗传转化

根据其它植物PAL基因的保守区域,设计一对兼并引物,采用RT-PCR方法从国槐中克隆了一个长866 bp的PAL基因片段,命名为SjPAL.序列分析发现SjPAL多肽与其它植物的PAL氨基酸序列高度同源(87%以上),且包含与水稻和拟南芥的PAL类似的活性位点.系统进化树分析表明SjPAL与豆科植物的PAL亲缘关系较近.RT-PCR结果显示,SjPAL在根和茎的表达量约为叶中的3倍.利用反义RNA技术将SjPAL基因克隆至植物表达载体pBI121,构建了SjPAL反义RNA植物表达载体pBI121-PAL,通过根癌农杆菌EHA105将其导入拟南芥基因组,对获得的抗性植株进行PCR鉴定、Northern杂交分析、PAL活性分析以及总多酚含量和类黄酮含量分析.结果表明,该反义RNA已整合到拟南芥基因组中,转基因拟南芥的PAL基因表达量、单位材料PAL活性、总多酚含量和类黄酮含量均显著低于野生型对照.本研究为下一步利用该基因反义表达载体转化国槐,通过调节酚类物质含量提高其在再生体系中的生根能力提供了试验依据.     

无瓣海桑人工混交林结构及幼苗天然更新能力

为探究无瓣海桑人工混交林在河口海湾的生态效应问题,采用样方法对福建省厦门市海沧湾16年生无瓣海桑与其它种类红树的人工混交林结构和幼苗天然更新扩散能力进行实地调查。结果表明:①该群落外貌简单、林相整齐、空间层次分层明显。位于乔木一层的是无瓣海桑,位于乔木二层的有无瓣海桑、秋茄、红海榄;位于灌木-小树层的有秋茄、红海榄和白骨壤;位于幼苗层的只有秋茄。②无瓣海桑在乔木层的重要值为35.1%,秋茄在乔木层、灌木-小树层和幼苗层3个不同层次的重要值均为最大。③该群落各多样性指数值均较低,灌木-小树层的各多样性指数值均比乔木层和幼苗层的多样性指数值高。④在4种不同类型样地调查幼苗扩散情况,均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗或历年生的幼树,而乡土红树植物秋茄在4种类型样地中均有幼苗自然生长,白骨壤在光滩中有发现幼苗生长。     

油松受松毛虫危害后恢复能力的研究

油松经人工模拟失去一定的量的１年生针叶后对第２年高生长,针叶长度有明显的影响：失杏越多,影响越大,经２ａ后其后高生长虽仍有差异,但均可恢复到正常生长状态,而失去少量２－３年生针叶后的油松具有有补偿和超补偿效应,失去１年生针叶后油松不具有补偿和超补偿效应。