威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量的测定

采用微波消解处理样品,氢化物原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行硒的测定,两种方法测得枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量分别为0.0235±0.00609μg/g,0.01μg/g,对比京津冀区域及市售富硒红薯中硒含量,河北邢台威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯硒含量不低于海南澄迈县桥头镇。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

甜玉米新品种‘浙甜12’

 ‘浙甜12’是以自交系‘GA1101’为母本,‘GA218’为父本杂交育成的超甜玉米新品种。平均鲜果穗产量为11 556 ~ 14 782.5 kg · hm^-2,穗长19.8 ~ 21.0 cm,穗粗5.0 cm,单穗质量262.0 ~ 279.7 g,籽粒可溶性糖含量26.6%,适口性好,商品性佳。     

S‐locus diversity and cross‐compatibility of wild Prunus avium for timber breeding

Prunus avium is primarily cultivated for its fruit, sweet cherries. However, it is also used to produce high‐quality timber. In a P. avium seed orchard, gametophytic self‐incompatibility is a restriction for free pollen flow and should be considered when establishing basic forest materials. In this study, S‐locus diversity and cross‐incompatibility of wild cherry individuals in clonal banks established for breeding for timber production were investigated. Wild cherry trees (140) with outstanding forest growth habit, collected in northern Spain, grafted and planted in two clonal banks, were genotyped at the S‐locus. The self‐incompatibility S‐locus genes, S‐RNase and SFB, were analysed by PCR. Twenty‐two S‐haplotypes, resulting in 72 different S‐genotypes, were identified. The genotypes were grouped into 33 incompatibility groups and 39 unique genotypes. This initial S‐locus analysis revealed large genetic diversity of wild cherry trees from the Spanish northern deciduous forest, and provides useful information for seed orchard design. Wild P. avium displays significantly more genetic diversity than what is detected in local cultivars, revealing a narrowing of genetic diversity during local domestication.     

甜高粱生物燃料相关特性研究进展

旨在为中国甜高粱生物燃料的快速生产、深入研究与发展提供借鉴与参考。笔者总结了近几年甜高粱生物燃料相关特性的研究状况;综述了根、叶、茎、株高、分蘖、花,QTL等的分子研究水平,收获后贮藏及生物转化效率的研究进展等;最后提出几点研究建议:针对不同生境确定适宜的、特异的选育目标,培养极具优势的品系或材料;注重主要性状间QTL尤其是胁迫下的关联性、相关性、协同性的研究;加强产业循环链中关键和薄弱环节的研发,使其可用价值和效益达最大化。     

生物有机液体混合肥对甜高粱根系形态特征的影响

为揭示生物液体有机混合肥对陕北农牧交错区青贮饲草作物根系形态特征的影响,通过盆栽控制试验,以甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)为材料,设置不同浓度的生物活性水(BMW)(B1、B2、B3和B4)和Aidoora溶液(A1、A2和A3)处理,并测定甜高粱幼苗期的根系形态特征。结果表明:在大多数单一液体肥和混合液体肥下,甜高粱的根系生物量(RB)、根冠比(RSR)、根系体积(RV)、总根长(TRL)、根系表面积(RSA)、平均根直径(RAD)、比根长(SRL)和比根面积(SRA)均显著高于CK,表明BMW和Aidoora溶液有利于促进甜高粱苗期根系生物量积累和根系吸收能力;甜高粱的RB、TRL和RSA两两间均呈明显的正相关关系,表明根系表面积和总根长均随着根系生物量的升高而增加。综上分析表明,B3A2和B3A3相对于其他BMW和Aidoora混合液体肥,有利于促进甜高粱幼苗根系生物量积累和根系形态建成。     

甘薯贮藏冷害研究现状

甘薯富含丰富的糖、蛋白质、维生素和多种活性成分,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,深受人们的喜爱。甘薯贮藏过程中极易发生冷害而腐烂,导致其品质下降,影响贮藏和流通。本文介绍了甘薯在贮藏期间冷害发生的表现、冷害对甘薯生理代谢、糖代谢、能量代谢和酚类代谢的影响以及不同处理(冷锻炼处理、乙烯处理和紫外辐照处理)对甘薯冷害的影响,以期为甘薯贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。     

一种复合微生物菌剂在甜脆豌豆中的田间应用效果

为了探究复合微生物菌剂615在甜脆豌豆栽培中的田间应用效果,以甜脆豌豆品种‘长寿仁’为试材,研究了4种施肥处理（不施肥对照,单施复合菌剂615,单施化肥,化肥+复合菌剂615配施）对主要农艺性状、产量和品质、根际微生物数量的影响。结果表明：所有施肥处理可显著提高结荚率（幅度为7.90%～12.49%）,单施菌剂的病害率减少10.83%;所有施肥处理均可显著增加小区产量（幅度为10.75%～19.82%）,其中化肥与菌剂配施增幅最大(19.82%)。单施菌剂使鲜食籽粒的总糖、蛋白和淀粉含量增加50.00%、9.24%和59.37%(p<0.05),其开花结荚期根际中的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量是苗期的1.93倍、2.38倍和2.36倍,化肥与菌剂配施可提高总糖和淀粉含量(p<0.05)。综合经济和生态效益,甜脆豌豆施肥推荐化肥与复合菌剂615配施。     

樱桃砧木吉塞拉5号组培苗生根的试验研究

以樱桃砧木吉塞拉5号组培苗为试材,研究了不同激素种类、不同光照条件,对组培苗生根率、根长、根粗、根数的影响.结果表明,光照对组培苗根原基形成的初期影响很大,弱光能显著提高生根率,激素组合处理诱导生根的效果明显好于单激素处理,试管苗生根以1/2MS+0.2 mg/l IBA+0.4 mg/l IAA为最佳配方.     

甘薯茎线虫与镰孢菌对甘薯的复合侵染

从甘薯茎线虫病的薯块中分离到茄病镰孢(Fusarium solani)和尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)2种真菌.通过苗期和薯块接种证实,尖孢镰孢与腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)能共同侵染甘薯引起复合侵染病害.