红薯贮藏期病害及防控措施

介绍了红薯贮藏期的主要病害,包括生理性病害、侵染性病害,并提出了病害的防控措施,以期为红薯的安全贮藏提供参考。     

贵州省脱毒甘薯气候条件及高产栽培技术调查

通过在贵州省铜仁市川硐镇和坝黄镇对脱毒徐薯18开展分期排种、分期移栽试验，平行观测了其发育期及气象条件，研究了本地脱毒徐薯18主要生育期所需的农业气象条件，提出了本地种植脱毒甘薯的最佳区域和高产栽培的技术措施。     

茅香纹枯病的研究

茅香枯纹病(Rhizoctonia solani AG_1-IA)是土传病害,主要危害地上部的叶片和叶鞘,症状与水稻纹枯病相似。菌丝体在13—35℃,最适28—30℃,相对湿度76—100％和pH2—12条件下均可生长,但以中性为最好。菌丝体在黑暗条件下生长快,紫外光线照射对菌丝生长有抑制作用。病原菌对碳源的利用以麦芽糖为最好,对氮源是以L-谷氨酸和NH_4H_2PO_4较好。寄主范围已鉴定有8科20种植物。目前尚无抗病品种。用井岗霉素、多菌灵、扑海因、C-125等农药对该病均有良好的防治效果。     

氮磷钾肥效模型的研究及其应用

就多因素肥料试验及多元肥效模型研究中存在的问题,提出了以因素水平在因子空间分布的专业合理性、主效应的可比性和吸收回归设计的优点作为多元肥效试验的设计原则:认为可用拟合度检验-计算机模拟试验-模型极大值存在判定作为多元肥效模型的选模方法.而且,在多因素肥效试验设计中,少设或不设重复而代之以扩大处理数,可使这种方法更为有效.采用上述方法,在金华地区低丘红壤上建立了超甜玉米-甜玉2号氮、磷、钾三要素肥效反应模型,根据模型,采用产量频率分析法给出了试验地区条性下,甜玉米2号产量达625～730kg/亩,经济效益达300元/亩左右的推荐施肥方案.     

Utilization of Ensiled Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Leaves as a Protein Supplement in Diets for Growing Pigs

Four diets were formulated with protein from fishmeal (FM), groundnut cake (GC), ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves (SP) or ensiled sweet potato leaves with lysine (SPL). In experiment 1, 24 crossbred (Large White x Mong Cai) growing pigs were allocated randomly by sex into four groups of six pigs and given one of four diets. Experiment 2 was conducted using 16 crossbred pigs (Large White x Mong Cai) at four farms. On each farm, pigs were allocated to two experimental groups. One group was fed the FM diet and the other group the SPL diet. In experiment 1, the daily live weight gains (DLWG) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the FM and SPL treatments (542 and 536 g/day, respectively) than for the GC and SP treatments (464 and 482 g/day, respectively). Feed intake was highest (2.0 kg/day) for the SPL and lowest (1.7 kg/day) for the GC treatment (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (3.8 kg/kg gain) for SP and lowest (3.5 kg/kg gain) for FM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences for carcase measurements among diets (p > 0.05). The feed cost per kg live weight gain was lowest for the SP and SPL diets compared to the FM and GC diets. The results of experiment 2 show that there were no significant differences in feed intake, DLWG and FCR between the two diets (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves can replace fishmeal and groundnut cake in traditional Vietnamese diets for growing pigs.     

铵态氮素促进甘薯块根形成的解剖特征及其IbEXP1基因的表达

This study chose Shangshu 19 (S19) and Jixu 23 (J23) categorized by valid tuber root number per plant as analyzing varieties and arranged treatment combinations consisted of two nitrogen forms ammonium nitrogen (A_N) and amide nitrogen (X_N) integrated with two nitrogen rates 60 kg hm^-2 (L_N60) and 180 kg hm^-2 (H_N180), using field and pot trial assays, plus a check treatment received no nitrogen supply in order to make research on the anatomical observation on sweet potato tuber root differentiation and expression characteristics of IbEXP1 gene associated with tuber root formation in ammonia nitrogen in 2014 and 2015. Our results showed that the storage root yield of Shangshu 19 associated with more valid tuber root number per plant was significantly higher than Jixu 23 at harvest stage, which was significant difference compared with each other. In addition, nitrogen levels and nitrogen forms had significant interaction effects. The 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment in two sweet potato genotypes achieved the highest final storage root yield in field experiment and showed higher valid tuber root number per plant, which attributed to the younger tubers whose root diameter between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm during the canopy closure period. It had been observed that 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment possessed the most vessels in the primary xylem bundle and the lignified parenchyma cells of the stele tissues in the pre-cambial period, followed with possessing high level expression of IbEXP1 gene, the biggest root diameter and stele diameter and the most number of primary and secondary xylem bundles in the course of primary cambium growth. As the vascular cambium was initiated, relative expression of IbEXP1 gene at 60 kg hm^-2ammonium nitrogen treatment and the degree of parenchyma cells lignification were intermediate between no nitrogen application and high nitrogen treatments, however, the diameter of root and stele and the ratio of them were highest, which achieved the perfect harmony in lignification and division of parenchyma cells in tuberization.     

间作对甜玉米田主要害虫与天敌动态的影响

为明确甜玉米间作不同作物对害虫的控制作用,采用目测法系统调查了甜玉米单作、甜玉米与绿豆、菜豆、甘薯或花生间作生境玉米主要害虫和天敌种群发生动态,并比较了不同生境亚洲玉米螟的为害情况。间作生境中捕食性天敌蜘蛛和瓢虫类群的个体数量均明显增加,其中甜玉米间作绿豆或甘薯生境蜘蛛类群增长21%以上,瓢虫类群增长83%以上,显著高于甜玉米单作生境;不同生境间玉米螟赤眼蜂发生量差异不显著,对亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生率均达到86%以上。间作生境玉米生育期内亚洲玉米螟落卵量、斜纹夜蛾及玉米蚜发生量均与甜玉米单作无显著差异,但收获期甜玉米间作生境玉米螟为害率低于单作生境,其中以甜玉米间作绿豆生境最低,总蛀孔数和活虫数分别比单作生境下降55.72%和76.70%。表明间作不同作物对甜玉米田具有一定的控害增益作用。     

玉丰甘薯的贮藏及加工技术

介绍玉丰甘薯的贮藏及加工技术,以提高甘薯的出干率,减少鲜薯的损失,增加经济效益。     

甜玉米无公害优质高产栽培技术

介绍甜玉米无公害优质高产栽培技术,以提高产量和效益.