Comparison of the API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF Identification Systems for Differentiating Bacterial Isolates from Apparently Healthy Reared Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The ability of two commercial rapid identification systems, API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF, to reliably identify bacterial isolates from the internal organs of reared sea bass were compared. The tests gave different results: API 20E identified bacteria as Pseudomonas spp. with 37% accuracy, while BBL Crystal E/NF identified them as Flavobacterium odoratum with 99% accuracy. Although F. odoratum is not a marine fish pathogen, conventional tests conducted with the same isolates were more indicative of them being Flavobacterium spp. than Pseudomonas spp., suggesting that BBL Crystal E/NF was more reliable in this identification. Both systems were found to be applicable for diagnostics of marine fish pathogens, but should be used with caution because of possible misinterpretation.     

大口黑鲈幼鱼低温耐受、耗氧率和窒息点研究

对大口黑鲈北方亚种（N）、佛罗里达亚种(F)及其正交子代（N♀×F♂）和反交子代（F♀×N♂）幼鱼的耐低温限度、耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定。结果表明：在驯化温度为20 ℃,降温速率为2 h/℃时,北方亚种的半致死低温最低为(3.10±0.17) ℃,佛罗里达亚种最高,为(5.05±0.21) ℃,正、反交子代介于两亲代群体之间,分别为(4.80±0.06) ℃和(4.20±0.17) ℃,对4种鱼的半致死低温进行单因素方差分析,显示4种大口黑鲈的半致死低温具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。采用封闭式流水装置测定大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种及正反交子代的昼夜平均耗氧率分别为0.136 8 mg/(g·h)、0.1811mg/(g·h)、0.168 1mg/(g·h)和0.138 8 mg/(g·h),4个群体的昼夜平均耗氧率差异不明显。窒息点测定显示佛罗里达亚种的窒息点最高为0.4 mg/L,北方亚种的最低为0.33 mg/L,4个群体在窒息点上差异不显著（P>0.05）     

陕西省太阳辐射及其日照时数的时空变化特征

根据陕西省气象台站观测资料,分析了陕西省太阳总辐射和日照时数的时空演变特征.结果表明,陕西省太阳总辐射和日照时数呈现出一致性的从北向南递减趋势,且在渭北高原一带存在太阳总辐射和日照时数的次高值区,同时指出了陕北地区4～8月,关中、陕南地区5-8月是太阳能资源利用的最佳时期.研究结果可为进一步研究区域气候变化、指导农业生产及合理利用太阳能资源提供参考依据.     

兴隆山保护区日照时数观测研究

兴隆山保护区在1987年至2007年21年间,采取定点定人定时观测,得出：年平均日照时数是1747.9 h,低于全国该线的日照时数852.1 h;月日照时数是平均145.7 h,范围在181.9 h至116.5 h之间,最多出现在7月,最低出现在10月;日照时数变化很大,平均4.8 h,最长7月,达9h,最短10月,只有1.7 h,形成很大差异.其因是兴隆山林区周边有高山、森林、云、降水、雾霾和水蒸气较多遮挡所致.     

Influence of precipitations and sunshine hours on yield of paddy field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Northern Kyushu,Japan

ABSTRACT

Relationships between wheat (Triticum æstivum L.) yield components and growing season weather conditions (e.g. temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) were investigated for a rice-wheat rotation paddy system situated in Northern Kyushu, Japan over a 17-year period (2000–2016). A 1.0 mm increase in precipitation from 21 to 32 days after sowing decreased wheat yield by about 27 kg ha^?1 at early seedling stage with one to two leaves (Zadoks (Z) growth stage Z1.1–1.2). Number of tillers and spikes showed significant negative correlations to the amount of precipitation during the period. An hour increase in mean daily sunshine hours from 94 to 111 days after sowing resulted in an 328 kg ha^?1 rise in grain yield at stem elongation stage with the first and second node detection (Z3.1–3.2). The grain number per square meter also showed strong positive correlations to sunshine hours during the same period. However, this positive effect of sunshine was negated when precipitation exceeded about 30 mm during the early seedling stage. Consequently, precipitations at early seedling stage and sunshine hours at stem elongation stage mostly determined wheat yield in Northern Kyushu paddy field. Increasing precipitations during the early seedling stage highlights the pressing need for effective paddy field drainage management from wheat sowing through harvest.

Abbreviations: CP: Chikushi Plains; FARC: Fukuoka prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center; SARC: Saga prefectural Agricultural Research Center; DAS: days after sowing     

“阳光规划”在规划管理信息系统中的实现

本系统不但涵盖城乡规划信息化中的规划编制、项目审批、批后管理、监督监控等核心内容,还结合了短信系统、会议系统、公文系统、辅助决策系统等多个办公自动化系统,有效的提高了城乡规划管理的科学化水平,为实现＂阳光规划＂及建设现代化文明城市起到了积极的促进作用。     

From Experience-Oriented to Quantity-Based: A Method for Landscape Plant Selection and Configuration in Urban Built-Up Areas

Sunshine is the key ecological factor for the growth, development, and reproduction of all green plants. Experience-oriented methods are the main approach in the stage of plant selection and configuration for landscape planning and design. However, our survey showed that this approach is unreliable in complex built-up environments. The objective of this research was to find a sound strategy for the selection and configuration of landscape plants, thereby ensuring their healthy growth and development. In this research, we adopted a geographic information system (GIS) as the technological platform, combined with a sunshine simulation and evaluation model, and a landscape plant database. The system can automatically retrieve and match landscape plants for different levels of solar radiation at specific geographic sites. This quantity-based assessment of the solar environment can overcome the drawbacks of the experience-oriented approaches, and can be used for landscape plant selection in the early stages of landscape planning and design, and also for their conservation and replacement.     

播期对鄂中北地区不同类型粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响

为了明确鄂中北地区稻麦周年轮作模式下,播期对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及其构成因素、温光资源利用的影响,以常规早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、籼粳杂交早熟中粳和籼粳杂交中熟中粳为材料,在湖北省襄阳市农业科学院团山试验基地进行试验。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻生育期均显著缩短,迟熟中粳缩短幅度最大,籼粳杂交早熟中粳缩短幅度最小。各类型粳稻营养生长阶段受温光影响较大,而生殖生长阶段相对稳定;随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻全生育期有效积温及其利用率显著降低,日照时数利用率呈减少趋势。同一播期内,籼粳杂交中粳热量利用率高于常规中粳;各类型粳稻产量均以第Ⅰ播期最高,第Ⅴ播期最低,产量下降的主要原因是每穗颖花数和结实率显著降低。鄂中北地区粳麦周年轮作模式下,粳稻应首选籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳,其次是籼粳杂交早熟中粳。籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳的最佳播期为5月9日-5月15日。     

1960-2018年延庆气候变化特征分析

利用延庆国家基本气象站1960-2018年气象资料，对气温、降水、日照时数变化特征进行分析。结果表明：延庆1960-2018年的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈现上升趋势；年降水量和年日照时数均呈减少趋势，这代表在大的气候变化背景下，延庆也在逐渐变暖、变干，这些变化将影响到植被分布、农业生产、生态环境和人类活动等多个领域，本研究为采取有效的应对措施奠定了理论基础。     

大口黑鲈对饲料中丁基羟基茴香醚的耐受性评价

本试验旨在通过生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏、肠道组织学变化,评价大口黑鲈对饲料中丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)的耐受性。以初始体重为(6.20±0.01)g的大口黑鲈为靶动物,在基础饲料中依次添加0(D0组,作为对照组)、150(D150组)、300(D300组)和1 500 mg/kg(D1500组)的BHA,其中300和1 500 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量(150 mg/kg)的2和10倍,进行为期10周的饲喂试验。每组6个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明:4组中以D150组的生长性能最好,其余各组的终末均重、特定生长率、增重率和摄食量无显著差异(P0.05)。各组肥满度、脏体比和肝体比无显著差异(P0.05)。对照组血浆中总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量及碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。D150和D300组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/总胆固醇显著高于对照和D1500组(P0.05)。D1500组血浆中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),与D150、D300组无显著差异(P0.05)。D150和D300组肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),与D1500组无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加1 500 mg/kg BHA可以显著提高肝脏中总抗氧化能力(P0.05);饲料中添加150、300、1 500 mg/kg BHA均显著降低了血浆、心脏和肝脏中丙二醛的含量(P0.05)。对照、D150和D1500组大口黑鲈的肝脏、肠道都有不同程度的损伤,但D150和D1500组的损伤相对较少。上述结果表明,饲料中添加150 mg/kg BHA对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能,且对大口黑鲈是安全的,安全系数为10倍。