不同治理措施对流动沙地天然植被恢复效果的影响

流动沙地采取不同治理措施7 a后,天然植被恢复效果不同。①生态垫阻断了天然植被的正常演替规律,植被盖度和物种丰富度只有4.31%和3种。同期营造的人工林中,小叶锦鸡儿和侧柏林地的植被盖度和物种丰富度最高,均大大超过同期封育的流动沙地,新疆杨和欧美杨84林地的植被盖度和物种丰富度最低,沙枣和榆树林地居于中间位置。②新疆杨和欧美杨84林地植被一年生草本占绝对优势,榆树和沙枣林地多年生草本和灌木数量有所增加,侧柏和小叶锦鸡儿林地物种生活型结构已趋于多样化。③集沙观测表明,生态垫、侧柏和小叶锦鸡儿林地均无风蚀现象,欧美杨84和新疆杨林地风蚀较为严重,榆树和沙枣林地风蚀较轻。     

浑善达克沙地生态系统现状分析及生态恢复对策

2007年秋作者在锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗宝绍岱苏木查干诺尔嘎查进行了生态环境调查和实践活动,对当地草场严重退化的生态环境问题进行分析研究。从土壤状况、植被层及食物链等方面进行了分析。并提出了用自然力和绿化相结合的方法建立育苗基地、转移物种、坚持绿化工作等途径恢复当地沙地植被,建立生态系统适时监测系统,观测生态系统动态。     

试论灌木是干旱、半干旱区草地恢复中重要的生物资源

西北干旱、半干旱荒漠区是我国典型的荒漠生态系统.灌木是荒漠植被的主要组分,它在维持荒漠生态系统生物多样性、生态服务功能及其稳定性方面具有重要作用.20世纪下半叶,人口和经济快速增长导致的高强度人类活动,深刻地改变了荒漠生态系统的结构及水分和能量循环过程,致使灌木植物严重退化.为了保育灌木资源,提高人们对灌木在草地恢复中重要作用的认识,从改良土壤、物种多样性、防风固沙等方面论述了灌木在草地恢复过程中的特殊作用.建议在草业方面开展深入研究,以便使灌木在草地恢复中发挥更大的效能.     

西北干旱区生态环境建设支撑体系的构建

西北干旱区的自然环境脆弱性叠加不合理的水土资源开发等人类活动干扰是导致区域生态环境日趋恶化的根本原因,已严重制约社会经济的可持续发展。针对当前生态环境建设实际,提出应在实现水资源可持续利用、建立完善的管理体制及法律体系、调整产业结构、积极推进城镇化进程、大力发展科技教育等方面采取有力措施。以此为重要支撑,恢复与重建受损生态系统,改善区域生态环境,实现环境与经济社会协调发展。     

Long-term patterns of microhabitat use by fish in a southern Appalachian stream from 1983 to 1992: effects of hydrologic period, season and fish length

Abstract— We quantified microhabitat use by members of a southern Appalachian stream fish assemblage over a ten-year period that included both floods and droughts. Our study site (37 m in length) encompassed riffle, run and pool habitats. Previous research indicated that species belonged to either benthic or water-column microhabitat guilds. Most species exhibited non-random microhabitat use in all seasons, and benthic and water column species generally were over-represented in the deeper portions of the site. In addition, water column species generally were over-represented in microhabitats with lower average velocities. The majority of seasonal shifts in microhabitat use were passive (i. e. correlated with changes in microhabitat availability), whereas, most shifts associated with hydrological periods appeared to be active responses to changing environmental conditions. Most species exhibited length-related shifts in microhabitat use, which were strongly affected by hydrologic period for four of ten species. Microhabitat use patterns of assemblage members appeared to be a consequence of species-specific responses to changing environmental conditions. The highly flexible patterns of microhabitat use exhibited by these species necessitate that decisions regarding their management be based on data covering a range of environmental conditions.     

The importance of the riparian ecotone and river hydraulics for sustainable basin-scale restoration scenarios

1. The effect of riparian ecotone functional complexity and stream hydraulics on an upland river ecosystem has been analysed. 2. The amount of nutrients retained by bottom sediment was lowest on a sandy substrate (range: 26–104 mg m⁻² P-PO₄) and highest in wetland bays (range: 558–5368 mg m⁻² P-PO₄). A stream bed covered by Berula erecta had about three times higher retentive nutrient capacity ( x̄ = 584 mg m⁻² day⁻¹) than did a sandy substrate( x̄ = 205 mg m⁻² day⁻¹). 3. The amount of allochthonous organic matter (CPOM) deposited on the stream bed decreased with current velocity. The trophic potential of CPOM, measured as total protein, was significantly correlated with the amount of deposited CPOM (r = 0.863; p<0.00001) and depended on stream order. 4. Both invertebrate and fish biomass in the upland river were significantly correlated with calcium/bicarbonate (benthos: r = 0.858; p<0.006; fish: r = 0.918; p<0.001). 5. Fish biomass, diversity and species richness were highest in pools, lower in riffles and lowest in the run/transition zone. 6. Macroinvertebrate biomass was highest at an intermediate riparian ecotone complexity with an adequate supply of organic matter and incident light. Fish biomass followed the same trend, being lowest in heavily shaded areas and in open channels without riparian vegetation (range: 1–4.5 g m⁻²), but highest in ecotones of intermediate complexity (range: 1.6–92.8 g m⁻²). The ‘cascading effect’ of invertebrate density depletion, which was inversely related to fish biomass, was observed seasonally. 7. The above results indicate that riparian ecotone structure and the heterogeneity of the stream channel may regulate biodiversity, productivity and nutrient retention in the fluvial corridor. These quantitative data help to create alternative scenarios for sustainable river basin management. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔里木河下游生态输水对草地恢复的影响

结合塔里木河下游生态输水,通过对植被和地下水的监测,分析了输水对下游草地恢复的影响。结果显示:随着生态输水,塔里木河下游输水河道附近地下水位大幅升高,下游草地也出现明显的生态恢复,主要表现在植被种类和草地覆盖度的变化。但是由于不同草本植物对地下水位的适应程度不同,距河道不同距离植物响应的程度不同。而对于因河水漫溢出现的恢复区,其植被种类和覆盖度表现与因地下水升高而恢复的区域差异较大,说明不同输水方式对草地生态恢复的影响程度不同。     

流媒体应用技术浅谈

通过北京市顺义电视台(顺广传媒网),在WEB视频流媒体点播工程中的实际应用,探讨在广电行业节目生产过程中,使用流媒体技术需要克服的技术难点.     

农牧交错带不同植被群落对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响

为了解荒漠化土地植被恢复对土壤微生物量的影响,以地处毛乌素沙地南缘的榆林市沙生植物园植被恢复30年的乔木、灌木和草地3种植被群落下土壤为研究对象,分析了植被恢复对土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量及比值的影响及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明,农牧交错带荒漠化土地植被恢复可以明显提高表层土壤微生物碳、氮、磷的含量。土壤微生物量碳以灌木林地为最高,含量为288.35 mg·kg-1,显著高于草地和乔木,分别是乔木林地和草地的3.99和2.10倍;土壤微生物磷在三种植被群落间差异不明显;三种植被群落下土壤微生物碳氮比的高低为乔木林地草地灌木林地,土壤微生物碳磷比表现为草地略高于乔木林地和灌木林地。相关性分析结果显示微生物量碳、氮、磷与土壤理化性质相关性极为密切,其中与土壤养分各指标大多呈现极显著相关,与土壤容重多为极显著负相关。说明土壤微生物量可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标。     

贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征.共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科.对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn ...