欧洲榛子苗木的生长规律

以16个欧榛品种为试材,用L og istic M odel、G om pertz M odel、R ichards M odel等数学模型对欧榛不同品种嫁接苗、插条苗、实生苗的年生长规律进行了模拟,利用CurveExpert等软件进行分析。结果发现3类苗木的各个指标的生长变化均呈现“慢-快-慢”的规律,生长曲线基本呈“S”形。     

底栖动物增殖放流生态风险评价

为了评价底栖动物增殖放流过程中存在的生态风险,通过现场调查、已有文献资料分析和专家咨询,建立了以层次分析法为基础的生态风险评价体系。应用该体系对5种增殖放流的底栖动物进行了生态风险评价。研究表明,西施舌、紫海胆、韩国文蛤和泥东风螺为"中"风险等级;波纹巴非蛤为"低"风险等级。本研究可为今后增殖放流过程中的生态风险评价提供参考。     

东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态分析

以１９９７、１９９８年“苏海研１、２号”帆式张网资源监测调查船４０２０网次的调查结果及１１４次渔获随机取样的分析结果为依据,对东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态进行分析研究,结果表明,东海区帆式张网渔业资源结构春季以小黄鱼、银鲳、黄鲫,夏季以小黄鱼、带鱼、黄鲫,秋季以小黄鱼,带鱼、银鲳、冬季以小黄鱼、带钱赤主要利用对象;主要经济鱼类小黄鱼,带鱼,银鲳的幼鱼渔获得比例以夏季最高为７６．０６％,其余     

Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, in the North Pacific Ocean during 1979–1998: impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions

Variability in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was examined for the autumn cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii collected with research driftnets during 1979–1998 along five longitudinal transects passing through the Subarctic, Transitional and Subtropical Domains in the North Pacific. CPUE was generally low during the period of intensive commercial driftnet fishing (1980–1992) and increased following the 1992 moratorium on the use of large-scale driftnets. However, CPUE levels were low for the cohorts hatched in 1992 and 1996 (captured in subsequent years owing to a one-year life of O. bartramii ) that experienced low sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment. Among similar-aged squid collected from 180° and 179°30'W in June, mantle lengths were significantly greater in 1997 than during 1995–96. These findings suggest that the driftnet fishery and sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment strongly affected stock abundance and possibly growth.     

我国尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体的遗传渐渗

用ＬＫＢ平板电泳仪，４．４％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶对南京罗非鱼良种场尼罗罗非鱼，奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体肌，肝，脑，心，眼中的１０种同工酶进行电泳分析的结果表明，奥利亚罗非鱼的群体未见的多态位点，平均杂合度为０，是超“纯”的养殖群体，尼罗罗非鱼群体中有２０％的尼奥杂交鱼，其体形酷似尼罗，难以肉眼鉴别，由此可见，我国尼罗罗非鱼养殖群体中已存在遗传渐渗问题，须注意防杂和提纯。在剔除了杂交鱼后，该场尼罗罗非鱼群体的     

长兴岛沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物群落结构

2005年8月(夏季)的大、小潮期间和2006年3月(春季)的大、小潮期间对长兴岛沿岸进行了4个航次的浮游生物调查,共检出浮游动物47种,其中春季32种,夏季44种。浮游动物的优势类群为桡足类和浮游幼虫。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、无节幼虫为春季优势种。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、桡足类幼体、太平洋纺锤水蚤为夏季优势种。春季浮游动物的丰度、生物量及种类数均低于夏季。小潮期间浮游动物的丰度、生物量高于大潮期间。浮游动物的丰度、生物量及优势种受潮周期的影响。北部沿岸和南部沿岸浮游动物丰度、生物量较高。小型桡足类在长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构中扮演重要角色,长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构较为成熟稳定。     

An artificial oyster‐shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in shallow seawater

Because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, aquaculture production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is the largest of any single species. Therefore, the development of new farming methods is of considerable significance. In this study, discarded oyster shells have been used to create an artificial reef for the culture of this species. The results have shown that from 6th March 2009 to 26th November 2009, the wet weight of sea cucumber increased from 49.57 ± 1.16 to 79.87 ± 1.46 g ind^?1. Between 16th July and 18th October, the specific growth rate and daily weight gain of A. japonicus differed significantly from other periods. Population density was higher within the reef compared with outside the reef area, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The maximum distance between A. japonicus individuals within the reef area on 3rd March and 16th July was 65.0 ± 3.3 and 62.9 ± 4.4 cm, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The diatom species attached to the oyster shells were similar to those found in the stomach content of A. japonicus. In conclusion, the oyster‐shell reef provides a suitable habitat and shelter for the culture of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus.     

The Potential for the Restoration of Marine Ornamental Fish Populations Through Hatchery Releases

Populations of tropical and subtropical marine fish are being depleted worldwide to supply increasing demands of the aquarium industry and fresh seafood market. Overfishing and destructive harvest techniques have left some marine fish populations virtually extirpated in a number of primarily underdeveloped countries. In situations where only small remnant populations and significantly degraded habitat remain, population recovery even under the complete absence of collection will be slow, with the high potential for population loss due to natural environmental and recruitment variability. Stock enhancement, supplementing natural recruitment with hatchery produced fry, has the potential to significantly increase the rate of population recovery while maintaining population vigor.Stock enhancement research on Pacific threadfin has demonstrated measurable positive impacts on recreational and commercial fisheries for this species in experimental scale releases; similar successes can be expected for enhancement efforts directed toward species of ornamental value. The major technological barrier to ornamental fish enhancement, the development of appropriate culture capabilities, is being addressed in research directed to the commercial production of fish for the aquarium trade.     

天津大神堂海洋特别保护区生境修复初步评价

2012年4月、9月和2013年5月、9月份对渤海湾天津大神堂海洋特别保护区分别进行了大型底栖动物调查,用丰度/生物量比较曲线法分析了6个调查站位的大型底栖动物群落投礁前后受污染扰动的变化状况。结果表明,在调查期间保护区大型底栖动物群落表现出从最初的受到中等程度干扰→趋向于受到干扰→群落状况趋向正常,保护区生态状况已经大有好转,人工生态修复效果初显。     

南沙群岛海域春、秋季浮游介形类生态学特征

为了解南沙群岛海域春、秋季浮游介形类生态学特征,根据2013年春季(3月中旬至4月初)及秋季(9月)在南沙群岛开展的两个航次生态环境综合调查资料,对该海域浮游介形类生态学特征进行分析研究。结果显示:(1)南沙群岛海域浮游介形类物种组成较为丰富,记录 45种隶属于2科、4亚科、19属。其中,春季有21种,秋季38种,两季均出现的共有种有14个;(2)春、秋两季浮游介形类优势种差异明显,春季优势种组成较为单一,数量低,主要生态类群为外海暖水类群和广温暖水类群,秋季优势种组成较为复杂,数量多,主要为外海暖水类群。春季优势种由后圆真浮萤、葱萤、尖头毛浮萤组成,秋季由纳米海萤、双叉真浮萤、刺喙葱萤、短形小浮萤、粗大后浮萤组成。研究表明:(1)春秋两季浮游介形类密度差异显著,密度分布不均,局部区域密度较高,与该海域局部环流密切相关;(2)浮游介形类两季平均丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为0.59、1.37和0.55,秋季高于春季;(3)春季及秋季均分为岛礁群落和外海群落,群落分布随洋流改变呈季节性变化;(4)受季风影响的大环流及局部环流是浮游介形类种类组成、数量分布及多样性呈明显季节差异的主要因素。