变速条件下农业机械路径跟踪稳定控制方法

为提高农业机械(农机)路径跟踪控制在不同速度条件下的稳定性和鲁棒性,提出了基于链式系统模型和小范围稳定性分析优化的直线路径跟踪控制方法。首先,根据几何约束建立农机非线性运动学模型,并基于链式系统模型将其转换为线性链式系统,进而对系统的误差项进行线性组合,得到农机路径跟踪控制方法;然后,基于控制方法在平衡位置小范围的稳定性分析,对控制方法进行优化,使得农机路径跟踪控制在平衡位置小范围的稳定性与行驶速度无关;最后,以水稻穴直播机为实验平台开展了直线跟踪对比实验和农机作业实验。结果表明,相比于PID控制方法,本文控制方法在3种不同速度下均能保持直线跟踪控制的稳定性,并且具有较高的控制精度。同时,本文路径跟踪控制方法的稳定性与行驶速度无关,农机作业的行驶速度在0. 4～2. 0 m/s范围内均能实现稳定控制,平均绝对误差均值为0. 047 m,最大绝对误差为0. 128 m。     

不同生态环境下甘蔗组合的生长表现和适应性

以2017—2018年组配的119个甘蔗组合为材料,分别在广西的南宁、崇左、来宾同时开展组合评价试验,基于锤重性状进行联合方差分析和遗传参数估计,并采用回归分析和AMMI模型对组合进行稳定性分析。结果表明:不同的组合、环境及组合与环境互作在锤重间的差异均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);3个试验点锤重的广义遗传率均属于中等偏低水平;崇左、来宾试验点的锤重变异系数较大,南宁试验点的锤重变异系数较小;643、404、575、972、636、144、YC95、1470、755、409、701、832、YC37、579等组合表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的特性;结合锤重和组合入选率综合分析,组合449、YC127、796、YC44、533、570、YC123、391、546、403、YC90、252在南宁试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、212、YC61、432、903、YC95、YC44、368、YC83、YC127、YC112、701、411、YC90、YC123在崇左试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、404、449、144、403、YC48在来宾试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高。     

Durum wheat varieties in N‐deficient environments and organic farming: a comparison of yield,quality and stability performances

Stability and reliability of yield and quality for 15 durum wheat genotypes (old and modern) were evaluated in a 5‐year experiment (southern Italy) in organic farming. Genotypes were grown at two N levels (0 and 80 kg/ha), with the aim of evaluating ‘genotype × environment’ (GE) interactions and their role on genotype selection in N‐limited environments. Several approaches to stability were used, within the frame of mixed models and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis, and their validity in stressful conditions and organic farming was discussed. Especially for protein and gluten content, results indicate high environmental variability and the presence of crossover ‘N × environment’ interactions, which supports the need for specific breeding programmes in N‐deficient environments. The average response was strongly affected by N availability (on average, yield was 2.95 and 3.42 t/ha, protein content was 11.6% and 12.85%, gluten content was 8.55% and 9.92%, respectively, at 0 and 80 kg N/ha), and few genotypes gave high yield and quality at both fertilization levels. Only ‘Gargano’ and ‘Fortore’ showed a good inter‐year stability at both N levels. The old cultivars gave minimal responsiveness to increased N input, but gave good results in limiting conditions, indicating that they may play a role in organic farming.     

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat to Drought Stress

An experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of two hexaploids viz., C 306 (water stress tolerant) and Hira (water stress susceptible), and two tetraploids, HW 24 (Triticum dicoccum) and A 9‐30‐1 (Triticum durum) wheat genotypes to water stress under pot culture condition. Water stress was imposed for a uniform period of 10 days at 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) and observations were recorded at 60, 70 and 80 DAS. Total dry matter and plant height were recorded at harvest. Water stress caused a decline in relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, membrane stability and nitrate reductase activity and increased accumulation of proline at all stages and abscisic acid (ABA) at 80 DAS in all the genotypes. Both the tetraploids showed a lower reduction in RWC and highest ABA accumulation under water stress. Among the hexaploids Hira showed the most decline in RWC and the lowest ABA accumulation. The tetraploids also showed comparatively higher carotenoid content and membrane stability, closely followed by C 306, while Hira showed the minimum response under water stress. Nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content under irrigated conditions were highest in Hira but under water stress the lowest per cent decline was observed in C 306, followed by HW 24, A 9‐30‐1, and Hira. Proline accumulation under water stress conditions was highest in hexaploids C 306 and Hira and lowest in tetraploids HW 24 and A 9‐30‐1. Tetraploids HW 24, followed by A 9‐30‐1 maintained higher plant height and total dry matter (TDM) under water stress and also showed a lower per cent decline under stress than hexaploids C 306 and Hira. From the results it is clear that proline accumulation did not contribute to better drought tolerance of tetraploids than hexaploids. It is also apparent that water stress tolerance is the result of the cumulative action of various physiological processes, and all the parameters/processes may not be positively associated with the drought tolerance of a particular tolerant genotype.     

油松不同生态型的适应性的研究

对油松第一、二批种源试验的五个指标进行了多点方差分析,结果表明,种源与立地交互作用均极显著。其中七年生保存率种源与立地交互作用最强。利用Finlay和Wilkinson提出的方法,对油松七个生态型种源的适应性及稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,东部型和中部型适应性强,在各地生长水平也较高;东北型和西北型仅适应干旱寒冷地区;中西型、西南型和南部型适应性也差,仅能适应比较温暖多雨的地区。当地种源一般表现较好。     

基于不同回收方法的肌浆蛋白对鲢鱼糜冻融稳定性的影响

为研究不同回收方法的肌浆蛋白对鲢鱼糜冻融稳定性的影响,分别通过加热法、酸偏移法和酸偏移-耦合壳聚糖絮凝法回收鲢鱼糜漂洗液中的肌浆蛋白,并将其添加至鱼糜中,测定鱼糜冻融循环过程中蛋白质冷冻变性、脂肪氧化及凝胶品质的指标。结果显示:添加不同方法回收的肌浆蛋白均能抑制鲢鱼糜冻融循环过程中盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca²⁺-ATPase活性和总巯基含量的下降以及表面疏水性的上升,其中加热法回收的肌浆蛋白抑制鱼糜蛋白质冷冻变性的效果最显著,经过9次冻融后仍能够对鱼糜蛋白质变性起到抑制效果。蛋白质羰基含量测定结果显示,肌浆蛋白的添加可以抑制鱼糜冻融循环过程中蛋白质氧化现象。而与空白组鱼糜相比,添加不同回收处理的肌浆蛋白的鱼糜,其硫代巴比妥酸值（TBARs）和pH值并没有显著变化。此外,随着冻融循环次数的增加,鱼糜凝胶品质会发生严重劣化,其中添加酸偏移-耦合壳聚糖絮凝处理的肌浆蛋白的鱼糜始终保持较好的凝胶质构性能。     

发酵蓝莓酒品质影响因素及其解决方法

以"北陆"蓝莓为原料,研究果胶酶、护色单宁、酿酒酵母、二氧化硫和原酒冷冻浓缩对蓝莓酒品质的影响,探讨蓝莓酒中甲醇含量高、色素不稳定、有硫臭味、干浸出物含量低、感官品质差的解决方法,以提高蓝莓酒品质.结果表明,蓝莓果浆采用20 mg/L Clarification果胶酶酶解效果好,蓝莓酒中的甲醇含量低;采用浓缩汁发酵蓝莓酒,未检出甲醇,但原酒的典型性减弱;发酵前期加入500 mg/L护色单宁Tanin VR Supra,或陈酿期加入500 mg/L护色单宁Tanin VR Color,可有效提高蓝莓酒色素的稳定性;发酵结束后原酒中加入30 mg/L二氧化硫,既没有硫臭味,又能防止酒体氧化;8％原酒冷冻浓缩为10％原酒可提高干浸出物含量,增强其典型性;使用拉弗德F33酵母发酵酿造蓝莓酒,酒香浓郁,果香鲜明,酒体协调,蓝莓酒品质较优.     

预酸化处理制作发酵香肠工艺的研究

制作发酵香肠时,加入适量的食用乳酸,可以降低原料肉的pH值,抑制部分杂菌的生长繁殖,保证发酵的稳定性。通过试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:食用乳酸0.1%,球菌、杆菌、霉菌的质量比为3∶1∶6,发酵温度为18℃左右。     

Interaction Working Behavior About the Internal and External Wall of Foam in place Cavity Wall

In order to study the stability of foam in place cavity wall, the capacity of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie involving in cavity wall deformation, the broken shapes and mechanical performance of the cavity wall, the effective measures was seaked to improve deformation capacity and overall performance of the cavity wall.13 patches of cavity wall and 1 patch of solid wall were built and seismic tests of which were carried out.The lnfluence of some constructional measures on mechanical behavior and deformation properties of the wall and vertical pressure and insulation layer thickness on the relative displacement difference of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.Finally, the capability of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie working interactively between the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.It is found that deformation capacity of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional column and the high bonding strength, shearing strength and pressure strength of foam in place insulating mortar have certainly a positive influence on the bearing capacity of the wall.The reinforced concrete strip ears play the leading role in reinforcing connection of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall and guaranteeing out plane stability of the external wall.When walls crack seriously, the ties can play an important role in supporting and drawing the wall and preventing wall collapse.Furthermore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties which are the main construction measures to coordinate the internal and external wall work together perform a great variety of tasks.Therefore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties should be designed rationally to guarantee playing their respective roles.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers for genetic analysis in micropropagated plants of Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Four years' old micropropagated plants regenerated by enhanced axillary branching from shoot buds of a single genotype of Robinia pseudoacacia were characterized by RAPDs. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was carried outusing 19 random 10-mer DNA primers and 286 RAPD bands were examined which showed 30% polymorphism. Similarity indices ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 among different plants based on RAPD data. The UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on similarity indices which showed clustering of different plants into subgroups based on similarity values. Our results suggest that somaclonal DNA sequence variations are present even when organized cultures such as shoot buds were used as explant for micro-propagation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.