人HIF-1α基因重组减毒沙门氏菌载体的构建及稳定性检测

利用RT-PCR方法从低氧预处理的A549细胞中获得HIF-1α基因片段,将其定向插入pIRES-SEQ质粒NheⅠ、MLuⅠ2个酶切位点之间,得到真核表达载体pIRES-HIF-1α;采用电转化方法将其电转化入减毒沙门氏菌Ty21α中,获得重组减毒沙门氏菌菌株TPH;转染A549细胞,RT-PCR法检测HIF-1α基因表达,ELISA方法检测HIF-1α蛋白表达;TPH菌株在氨苄青霉素(+)和氨苄青霉素(-)LB培养板上分别传代40代,每10代提取质粒进行PCR及酶切鉴定.结果表明:试验成功构建了携带HIF-1α基因的重组减毒沙门氏菌TPH,其可在体外细胞中稳定表达HIF-1α基因及蛋白,TPH可稳定遗传.     

青藏高原低云量的年际变化及其稳定性

利用青藏高原80个测站1961-2000年1～12月低云量资料,分析了青藏高原低云量的年际变化规律.结果表明:青藏高原的低云量从东南向西北减少,云量的稳定性夏季高于冬季,南部高于北部.江河上游区域、藏东谷地、川西高原、甘南高原和祁连山区是青藏高原低云量多,且比较稳定的地区;青藏高原西部低云量月变化振幅大,尤以西南部为最,夏季云量最多;高原东南部江河上游区和藏东谷地3～9月低云量多,且起伏变化小,6月和9月出现峰值;高原东南部低云量稳定性较好;低云量的年际变化总体呈下降趋势, 江河上游区和高原东南部的低云量变化缓慢,高原西北部有显著上升趋势;变化趋势在季节上表现为冬、春、夏、秋西北上升西南下降,春、秋季中东部持平,夏、冬略降.     

菊花发酵乳饮料工艺优化

以菊花提取液和鲜牛奶为主要原料,杀菌后接种乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵,通过单因素与正交试验确定原料的配比、发酵条件及产品的配方。结果表明,原料最佳配比为菊花提取汁20％、蔗糖8％、鲜牛奶40％;制备该乳饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量3％、发酵时间4h、温度42℃。     

天山北麓的水资源利用与绿洲稳定性-以玛纳斯河流域为例

玛纳斯河是天山北麓最大的河流流域 ,玛纳斯流域拥有天山北麓最大的绿洲 ,以玛纳斯河流域绿洲为研究对象 ,来分析天山北麓水资源的利用对流域绿洲稳定性的影响。天山北麓自然环境体现为山地 -绿洲 -荒漠复合生态系统。绿洲是干旱区所特有的一类景观 ,它是一个人工与自然的复合生态系统 ,它作为发育在干旱气候大背景下的隐域性的自然景观 ,水分条件是决定其存在和发展的基础。天山北麓地区人类活动历史悠久 ,对水资源利用的影响较大 ,也是引起天山北麓绿洲演变、分布变化及其稳定性的重要因子。处于不同地貌位置的绿洲 ,由于其水资源特点不同 ,绿洲的稳定性以及绿洲演变规律也有所区别。总的来说 ,绿洲的稳定性由其内部与外部生态系统的结构、功能及生态过程决定 ,直接关系到区域社会经济的持续发展 ,水资源状况及利用是关系到天山北麓绿洲稳定性的关键性因素。合理利用水资源 ,可保持绿洲面积的稳定性 ,绿洲分布的稳定性 ,以及绿洲生态系统结构、功能的稳定性 ;水资源利用不当会导致绿洲内部土地发生大面积次生盐渍化 ,绿洲外围则由于生态用水不足加之人为破坏 ,使作为绿洲屏障的过渡带转变成生态断裂带 ,威胁绿洲的稳定性。利用工程技术方法和工程管理方法解决好灌区水利工程存在的问题 ;实施高新技术?     

在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸稳定性的研究

通过两个试验,研究在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸的降解率。试验1:N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在pH值6.5、温度为39℃的缓冲液中孵育9h,其降解率为3.3%。试验2:运用瘤胃体外发酵技术研究N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸不同添加量对pH值、氨态氮、微生物蛋白动态变化的影响。结果表明,添加0.4、0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵3～6h,均能够显著降低体系的pH值;添加0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵12h能够显著提高氨态氮的浓度;N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在发酵过程中不影响微生物蛋白产量。以上结果显示,N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在体外模拟瘤胃发酵的条件下可以稳定存在。     

生态护坡在城市河道防护中的应用

在简述生态护坡的内涵、特征及国内外研究应用现状的基础上,分析传统护坡对自然及人类生活环境产生的不良影响,从稳定性、生态性、技术性和护坡栽种植物选择等方面,探讨设计生态护坡的原则和要点,展望此技术今后的发展方向。     

水流作用下临水岸坡稳定性计算模型

河流崩岸是我国堤防安全面临的重大问题,汛期前后崩岸诱发大量的滑体进入河道,影响航运,给沿岸人民正常生产生活带来重大影响。针对水流作用下临水岸坡失稳问题,综合考虑坡表静水压力、内部孔隙水压力、边坡几何形状等因素的影响,构建了楔形岸坡稳定计算模型,并结合长江干流芙蓉大堤段崩岸实例,分析了各因素对岸坡稳定的作用。结果表明,坡表与地下水位升降及二者之差,对岸坡稳定影响较大,且水流的淘刷深度也直接影响着岸坡整体稳定。     

气动伺服系统全局稳定快速收敛负载独立压力观测器

在气动伺服系统中实现高精度控制,通常需要采用要求全状态信息的基于模型的非线性控制算法。鉴于轻量化的设计要求或者出于成本的考虑,构建压力观测器来代替压力传感器。首先,采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论来论证所设计的压力观测器的全局稳定性。其次,通过试验研究,选取满足试验要求的多变指数值。然后,任意设定偏离实际值的压力观测器初值,以证实该压力观测器收敛迅速且不断逼近真实值。另外,通过作用一个变刚度的载荷于系统,以证明该压力观测器是负载独立的。最后,试验表明采用所设计的压力观测器来实现气动系统的伺服控制是有效的、可行的。     

Low root‐to‐root transmission of a tobamovirus,yellow tailflower mild mottle virus,and resilience of its virions

Tobamoviruses are serious pathogens because they have extremely stable virions, they are transmitted by contact, and they often induce severe disease in crops. Knowledge of the routes of transmission and resilience of tobamovirus virions is essential in understanding the epidemiology of this group of viruses. Here, an isolate of the tobamovirus yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV) was used to examine root‐to‐root transmission in soil and in a hydroponic growth environment. Root‐to‐root transmission occurred rarely, and when it occurred plants did not exhibit systemic movement of the virus from the roots to the shoots over a 30‐day period. The resilience of YTMMV virions was tested in dried leaf tissue over time periods from one hour to one year under temperatures ranging from ?80 to 160 °C. Infectivity was maintained for at least a year when incubated at ?80 or 22 °C, or at fluctuating ambient temperatures of 0.8 to 44.4 °C, but incubation under dry conditions at 160 °C for >4 days eliminated infectivity. Exposure of virions to 0.1 m sodium hydroxide or 20% w/v skimmed milk solution for 30 min, treatments recommended for tobamovirus inactivation, did not abolish infectivity of YTMMV.     

Maternal salinity environment affects salt tolerance during germination in Anabasis setifera: A facultative desert halophyte

The effects of maternal salinity and light incubation on the salinity tolerance of the facultative halophyte Anabasis setifera during their germination stages were assessed. Seeds were collected from non-saline habitats in Egypt and saline habitats in the United Arab Emirates(UAE). The seeds of the two populations were germinated in 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 m M Na Cl, and incubated at 25°C/15°C in both 12-h light and 12-h darkness regimes and continuous darkness. Significantly more seeds germinated in the Egyptian population than in the UAE population. Salinity tolerance was significantly greater with the Egyptian population than with the UAE population, especially under the conditions of higher salinities. The difference in salinity tolerance between the seeds of two populations was attributed to their seed mass. In addition, germination was significantly faster for the Egyptian population than for the UAE population. Most of the saline treated seeds were able to recover their germination when transferred to distilled water, but this depended on their maternal salinity and light incubation. Recovery from higher salinities was significantly better for the seeds under darkness than for those under light in the UAE population, but the reverse was true for the seeds in the Egyptian population. The higher salinity tolerance for the A. setifera seeds from the non-saline Egyptian population and the lower salinity tolerance for the seeds from the saline UAE population cannot explain their natural distribution. Further studies about other possible roles, such as levels of different promoting and inhibiting phytohormones, are needed to understand the importance of salinity as an environmentally induced maternal effect.