The Effect of Levels of α-Galactosidase Enzyme on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

A study was conducted with male chicks of a commercial broiler strain to evaluate the effects of different dosage levels of a commercial α-galactosidase enzyme. Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal to meet the nutrient standards of top poultry companies. The positive control diet was formulated with no adjustment in the ME content of the soybean meal associated with enzyme supplementation. The negative control diet was formulated assuming a 10% improvement in the ME of the soybean meal. The negative control diet was supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g of enzyme per kilogram of soybean meal to provide for 0, 45, 90, 135, or 180 galactosidase units (GALU)/kg of soybean meal. Each of the test diets was fed in mash form to 8 replicate pens of 30 birds. Body weight, feed efficiency, mortality, and calorie conversion were determined at 14, 35, and 42 d of age. Body weight, feed efficiency, and mortality were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Birds fed the negative control with no enzyme supplement were numerically reduced in body weight or feed efficiency as compared with the control diet; however, addition of the enzyme was without benefit. When unadjusted energy values were analyzed, birds fed the negative control diet were more efficient in calorie conversion, but this finding was unrelated to enzyme addition, suggesting that diet composition was responsible for the differences in calorie utilization. When adjusted energy values were compared, birds fed the negative control tended to have higher (less efficient) calorie conversion than those fed the positive control with little or no indication of improvement from the addition of the α-galactosidase enzyme. Results of this study show no benefit from the addition of the enzyme used in this trial.     

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。     

不同品质鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同品质鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,以评定国产鱼粉替代进口鱼粉在大口黑鲈饲料中的可行性,以期进一步降低大口黑鲈商品配合饲料的成本.对照组鱼粉选用秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉,试验组采用国产山东日照鱼粉替代23％的秘鲁鱼粉.每组设置4个重复,每个重复放养初始体重为(5.02±0.01)g...     

近红外光谱技术快速测定豆粕、玉米真可消化氨基酸含量的研究

本试验应用近红外光谱技术（ＮＩＲＳ）预测了豆粕、玉米中的真可消化氨基酸含量。氨基酸消化率用去盲肠公鸡作试验动物,用修正的Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ强饲法进行测定。定标的结果表明,豆粕中除与胱氨酸有关的几个方程外,其它氨基酸的定标经检验证明具有良好的预测性能。玉米真可消化氨基酸的定标性能不如豆粕好,目前还不能进行实际的应用,但大部分氨基酸定标方程的相关系数经Ｆ检验达到极显著水平,说明用ＮＩＲＳ预测玉米真可消化氨基酸是可行的。近红外光谱技术提供了一种可用于日常测定鸡真可消化氨基酸的即时分析方法,它能够替代查书面值以及使用耗时而昂贵的体内法测定真可消化氨基酸含量。营养学家可根据真可消化氨基酸数据进行饲料配方,起到准确、及时、低投入、高产出、低污染、高效利用饲料资源的作用。     

线性回归法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷真消化率

本研究采用线性回归法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷的真消化率.选用5头健康大白×长白阉公猪为试验动物,平均体重为(27.17±0.28)kg.采用5×5拉丁方设计,设5个磷水平(0.08%、0.12%、0.17%、0.21%和0.25%),日粮以葡萄糖和玉米淀粉等为基础原料,鱼粉为磷唯一来源.日粮中添加0.1%TiO2作为外源指示剂.试验分5个试验期,每期6 d,4 d适应期,2 d收粪期.结果表明,生长猪粪磷的排出量与日粮磷的摄入量呈线性关系(y=0.292 7x-0.052 8,R2=0.99,P<0.01),回归法测得生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.798 5 g/kg,鱼粉磷的真消化率为71.12%.分析粪磷来源发现,内源磷排泄量基本不变(P>0.05),而粪磷随日粮磷含量的增加而增加(P<0.01).由结果可知,线性回归法可用于测定猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷真消化率.     

不同pH值对从羽毛粉水解液中提取磺基丙酸得率影响的研究

本研究探索了不同ｐＨ值对氧化后羽毛粉水解液中提取磺基丙酸得率的影响，结果表明：用等电点沉淀分离水解液中的磺基丙酸是可行的，当水解液ｐＨ值调到４．６～４．７时，其得率及纯度高。经过二次结晶制得了纯度为６５．０５％的磺基丙酸制剂     

Thyroidal compensation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed canola meal

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were fed either a soybean mealbased (SM) or canola meal-based (CM) diet for up to 20 weeks. Plasma thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothryonine (T₃) levels were significantly lower in the CM-fed fish sampled after 12 weeks. However, there appeared to be some compensation after 12 and 20 weeks in that the thyroid hormone levels in trout fed the CM were not significantly different from those of the SM-fed fish. Nevertheless, there was marked thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the CM-fed fish sampled at 12, 16 and 20 weeks after commencement of the experiment. Moreover, the growth rate was significantly lower in the CM-fed fish in comparison to the SM-fed fish throughout the 20 week study period.Plasma T₄ levels were similar in SM-fed fish sampled 12, 16 and 20 weeks after commencement of the experiment, but plasma T₃ levels progressively increased over this period, as did the apparent activity of the thyroid tissue based on histological criteria.Fasting for up to 8 weeks resulted in the arrested growth of the SM-fed fish, and a loss in body weight of the CM-fed animals over the 8 week period of the fast. In addition, the plasma thyroid hormone levels in the fasted fish tended to be lower than in fish fed both the SM and CM diets prior to fasting, and there was histological evidence indicating a reduced activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis. However, thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy were still evident in the fasted fish previously fed the CM diet indicating that the adverse affects of CM diets are not completely reversible after 8 weeks.In fish fed the CM diet for 12 weeks and then the SM diet for up to a further 8 weeks (diet C-S) there was a compensatory increase in plasma thyroid hormone levels evident within 4 weeks after the change in diet, but no apparent decrease in thyroid hyperplasia or hypertrophy. In addition, in the fish fed the C-S diet there was a marked compensatory growth rate, and an increased feed: gain ratio; body weights of this group of fish were not significantly different from those of the SM-fed animals after 20 weeks of study, indicating a considerably higher growth rate over the last 8 week period.     

聚磷酸盐在单冻鱿鱼肉片生产中的应用

本文通过试验和方差分析,研究了不同盐类及其浓度和浸泡时间对鱿鱼肉片保水性的影响。结果表明,鱿鱼肉片的最适保水工艺条件是:食盐浓度0.5％,三聚磷酸盐0.5％,浸泡时间7-8h。