木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。     

南京市能见度变化趋势及其影响因素

利用1980~2013年南京国家基本气象站的地面常规气象要素和能见度观测资料,剔除相对湿度和天气现象对能见度的影响,采用等级分析法、"非常好"能见度出现频率法、累积百分率法、Ridit中值分析等方法,分析了南京地区大气能见度的年际和季节变化趋势;并利用偏相关分析法分析了能见度与气温、气压、平均风速和相对湿度的相关关系。结果表明,能见度有明显日变化和季节变化,一天中,8:00最差,14:00最好;一年之中,能见度夏季最好,冬季最差。1980~1984年南京能见度呈上升趋势,1985~2004年呈波动下降趋势,2005~2013年则呈缓慢上升趋势;"较差"和"一般"能见度出现频率呈现上升趋势,"较好"能见度出现频率则明显下降。能见度水平逐年代下降但降幅减小;能见度等级分布的季节差异逐年代减小。能见度与平均风速呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。由于南京地区气候条件的影响,能见度与气压和气温均存在季节性差异,能见度与气压在冬季呈较好的正相关,与气温夏季呈正相关、冬季呈负相关。     

茶叶生产格局演变及空间集聚效应研究——以广东省为例

明确茶叶生产格局的演变特征和集聚效应,对广东省茶叶产业规划布局具有重要意义。引入空间重心模型,运用GIS技术和空间自相关分析方法分析广东省茶叶生产格局的演变过程、演变特征,采用空间自相关分析探究茶叶生产的空间集聚效应,研究结果表明：（1）1992—2017年广东省茶叶种植面积和茶叶产量稳步提升,2008年以后增速较为明显;（2）茶叶生产空间差异明显。粤北和粤东地区茶叶种植总面积占到广东全省的85%以上,茶叶产量占到83%以上,粤西和珠三角缩减较为明显;（3）广东省茶叶生产重心具有整体向东偏北迁移的趋势。茶园面积和茶叶产量重心的东移反映出广东省茶叶生产已呈现逐渐向粤东和粤北地区集聚的态势;（4）广东省茶叶生产空间极化和空间溢出作用显著,已经形成了以饶平、潮安、大埔、丰顺、五华、兴宁、英德、东源等县区的茶叶生产集聚区,构成了广东省茶叶生产的“热点区”,并对周边县市产生带动和刺激效应;（5）地理环境等自然因素是茶园规模扩张的基础,政府的政策激励和支持是茶叶产业形成的重要驱动力,巨大的市场消费力是茶叶产业迅速发展的直接因素,新品种和新技术的应用和推广是茶园面积扩张的重要原因。广东省茶叶生产空间集聚效应进一步增强,应根据地区自然资源、地理条件、种植传统等因素,推进茶叶生产区域集群化发展,提升广东茶叶的市场竞争力。     

Simulation of future dissolved oxygen distribution in pond culture based on sliding window-temporal convolutional network and trend surface analysis

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key ecological factor to measure the quality of water in the aquaculture. As the pond water body is affected by the breeding environment, the spatial distribution of DO shows a certain law in the entire pond. Therefore, to simulate the distribution of DO in aquaculture waters and grasp the temporal and spatial variation of DO is the key to achieving precise regulation of DO. For this purpose, this paper proposed a method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in pond culture based on a sliding window-temporal convolutional network together with trend surface analysis (SW-TCN-TSA). This paper first utilized SW to construct DO data sets with different prediction durations, and then used the improved TCN model to realize one-dimensional time series prediction for DO at single monitoring point. Based on the prediction results of DO, a TSA method was performed on the predicted values of DO at the extreme moments of all discrete monitoring points, so as to realize the simulation of the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in the pond. Experimental results show that the SW-TCN model has better prediction performance for one-dimensional time series prediction of DO. Compared with traditional deep networks, such as CNN, GRU, LSTM, CNN-GRU and CNN-LSTM, the values of evaluation indicators (MSE, MAE and RMSE) have been greatly improved. In the process of trend surface fitting, all fitting R² of DO at different water depths are higher than 0.9, indicating that the TSA can accurately reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of DO. This method can provide a basis for the prediction and early warning of DO in the three-dimensional space of the pond and has high practicability in aquaculture.     

Segment-based coancestry,additive relationship and genetic variance within and between the Norwegian and the Swedish Fjord horse populations

ABSTRACT

The Fjord horse originates from Norway but forms a global population due to several small populations in foreign countries. There exists no information about the additive relationship and the genetic variance between these subpopulations. By collecting blood samples from Norwegian and Swedish Fjord horses, a sample of 311 Norwegian and 102 Swedish horses gave 485,918 SNPs available for analysis. Their inbreeding coefficients were calculated and compared to the pairwise coancestry and the shared genomic segments. The effective population size was almost similar with the two methods in the Norwegian Fjord horse population (63 and 71), but very different in the Swedish population (269 and 1136) and unprecise due to a much smaller number of observations. The study showed that coancestry from shared genomic segments can be used to estimate additive genetic relationship and genetic variation within and between the global populations of the Fjord horse.     

宁夏中部生态移民区土地利用时空变化分析

通过解译宁夏中部红寺堡区1989年、1999年、2006年、2012年TM遥感影像,获取该区域生态移民前后4期土地利用数据,对1989~2012年以来土地利用变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,各个时间段的土地利用变化差异性显著。1989~1999年,由于大规模的土地开荒和红寺堡灌区的建设,耕地面积持续增加,同时该区域开始有了水浇地,而林草面积相应减少;1999~2006年,由于退耕还林还草政策的实施,耕地中的旱地被逐渐退耕为草地或发展为水浇地,林草面积开始由减少转为增加,区域土地利用开始合理化;2006~2012年,随着生态移民工程和生态建设工程的成熟发展,林草覆盖面积进一步增加,水浇地面积继续稳步增加,而未利用地和旱地面积持续下降。研究结果为区域土地资源的合理利用及生态移民工程的进一步顺利开展提供可靠依据。     

东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义

东北是我国大豆的主要生态区,克山是东北北部重要产区。本研究于2012-2014年,以搜集到的东北地区各单位现存的361份大豆地方品种和育成品种作为东北现存的本地种质,观察该群体在克山地区的表现,研究其在克山的潜在育种意义。获得以下主要结果:(1)东北大豆种质群体平均表现为全生育期133 d(103.8~157.0 d)、蛋白质含量39.69%(35.6%~44.38%)、油脂含量20.58%(17.47%~22.84%)、蛋脂总量60.27%(54.00%~63.97%)、百粒重17.61 g(6.13~28.17 g)、株高约96 cm(54.92~146.8 cm)、主茎19节(11.23~25.83)、分枝2.75个(0.22~7.63)、倒伏2级左右(1.00~4.00);(2)当地适合熟期组为MG 0和MG I,各性状的平均值与群体平均相近,其它熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。MG 000和MG 00的生育天数集中在110~120 d,比当地无霜期早约10~20 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;而品质性状表现则略优于MG 0和MG I,特别是油脂含量和蛋脂总量分别高约1%、1.5%;株高、节数均低于MG 0和MG I,分别低约10~40 cm、2~8节。MG II的生育天数在当地高达150 d,不能稳定正常成熟,不适合当地种植;品质性状表现低于当地品种水平,特别是蛋白质、蛋脂总量均低约2%,油脂低约0.5%;而株高、节数高于当地品种,分别高约10 cm、2节,倒伏程度则高达3级。MG III在克山不能正常成熟,导致其它性状表达不正常,生长量和倒伏度增加;(3)根据各农艺品质性状在克山表现的遗传进度估计,虽然油脂和蛋白质含量相对小些,但均有一定的改良潜力。克山地区利用东北大豆资源育成了许多适于东北北部的优异品种,体现了东北种质的重要作用。根据当地品种的表现,从供试的东北资源中提出了各农艺、品质性状改良可用的亲本品种名单,供育种工作者参考。     

Variation in cooking and eating quality traits in Japanese rice germplasm accessions

The eating quality of cooked rice is important and determines its market price and consumer acceptance. To comprehensively describe the variation of eating quality in 183 rice germplasm accessions, we evaluated 33 eating-quality traits including amylose and protein contents, pasting properties of rice flour, and texture of cooked rice grains. All eating-quality traits varied widely in the germplasm accessions. Principal-components analysis (PCA) revealed that allelic differences in the Wx gene explained the largest proportion of phenotypic variation of the eating-quality traits. In 146 accessions of non-glutinous temperate japonica rice, PCA revealed that protein content and surface texture of the cooked rice grains significantly explained phenotypic variations of the eating-quality traits. An allelic difference based on simple sequence repeats, which was located near a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the short arm of chromosome 3, was associated with differences in the eating quality of non-glutinous temperate japonica rice. These results suggest that eating quality is controlled by genetic factors, including the Wx gene and the QTL on chromosome 3, in Japanese rice accessions. These genetic factors have been consciously selected for eating quality during rice breeding programs in Japan.     

藏青杨虫瘿的空间分布格局

为明确蚜虫在西藏工布自然保护区藏青杨(Populus szechuanica var.tibetica)叶片上的危害特征及其产生虫瘿的分布特点,基于野外调查数据,应用扩散系数(C)、Morisita指数(I)、Cassie指标(Ca)、平均拥挤度(M*)、Lloyd聚块性指标、负二项参数(K)、Iwao回归分析法、Taylor幂指数法对该区藏青杨叶片上虫瘿空间分布格局进行研究。结果表明,藏青杨叶片左上虫瘿出现率为25.36%、左下为24.30%、右上为24.98%、右下为25.36%,叶片左边为49.66%、右边为50.34%;藏青杨不同方向叶片上虫瘿出现的比率均在25%左右。藏青杨叶片上虫瘿主要以3~7个聚集的形式存在。虫瘿出现频次(y)与虫瘿数量级别(x)的拟合曲线为y=-2.150 3x~2+23.159x-7.309 1(R~2=0.818 4)。6级虫瘿数量最多,占总虫瘿数的22.15%。由虫瘿空间分布参数可知,藏青杨叶片上虫瘿空间分布呈聚集型,但虫瘿聚集强度不大。总体上虫瘿个体群大小随虫瘿密度的增加而增大,个体群指数L值平均大小为7.20。经拟合,虫瘿空间分布格局Iwao M*-M回归模型为M*=1.059 9m+0.523 4(R~2=0.993 9),Taylor模型为log S2=1.043 4logm+0.043 7(R~2=0.996 4),两模型均判定为聚集分布。综上,虫瘿在藏青杨不同方位的出现率相近,但在叶片上均呈聚集分布,虫瘿的聚集除与环境因素有关外,也与其生物学特性相关。