Prevalence and different characteristics of two serotypes of Streptococcus parauberis isolated from the farmed olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel), in Korea

The prevalence of two serotypes of Streptococcus parauberis isolated from the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was evaluated in a total of 29 isolates between 2003 and 2010 in Korea. Streptococcus parauberis isolates were divided into two serologically distinct types (serotype 1 and serotype 2), except for one strain (S1091), using an agglutination assay with rabbit antiserum, and serotype 1 was identified as the dominant type (24 of 29 isolates) in this study. To identify the characteristics of the two serotypes of S. parauberis, we conducted a biochemical test using the API 20 Strep kit, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, sequence analysis of 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and a pathogenicity test. In TEM, both serotypes possessed polysaccharide capsule layers around the cell surface when bacterial cells were treated with a homologous serotype of rabbit antiserum. However, we were unable to discriminate serotype‐specific biochemical characteristics and genetic characteristics of 16S‐23S rRNA ISR between the two serotypes. In the pathogenicity test, the serotype 1 strains induced significantly higher mortality than the serotype 2 strains in olive flounder when experimentally inoculated via the intraperitoneal route.     

Effect of taurine supplemented practical diet on growth performance and taurine contents in whole body and tissues of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effect of dietary taurine on juvenile Japanese flounder was determined by feeding three taurine-supplemented experimental diets (TAU) and a commercial diet (CD) to evaluate a practical diet for juvenile Japanese flounder. Juvenile Japanese flounder were reared on the three experimental diets supplemented with taurine at 0, 0.5, 1.0% and CD. These diets were fed to juvenile Japanese flounder of an initial mean body weight of 0.2 g for 6 weeks at 20°C and the taurine contents of the whole body and tissues were analyzed. The final average body weight of juvenile Japanese flounder fed the 1.0% TAU was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Taurine contents in the whole body and tissues increased with the increase in dietary taurine level. These results indicate that juvenile Japanese flounder require at least 15 mg/g taurine in the diet, even though a combined mix of fish, krill and squid meal was the main protein source in the experimental diets.     

Detection of antigenic proteins expressed by lymphocystis virus as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

Although the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host-derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying immuno-proteomics. LCDV proteins were separated by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with homogeneous P. olivaceus antisera elicited by LCDV natural infection and vaccination with formalin-killed LCDV. Four immune-reactive proteins were obtained at 68-, 51-, 41- and 21 kDa using antisera collected from natural infection while two proteins at 51- and 21 kDa exhibited response to antisera from vaccinated fish, indicating that the latter two proteins have vaccine potential. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nanoelectrospray MS/MS, the 51 and 21 kDa proteins were identified as MCP and an unknown protein, respectively.     

Influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> in suboptimal water temperatures

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in sub optimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet)×2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily)×2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replications was used. After 60 days of feeding, the feeding frequency did not significantly affect growth performance of fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish reared at the higher water temperature. At the same water temperature, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish fed the extruded pellet than moist pellet. The results of this study indicate that feeding frequency of two times daily is sufficient for optimal growth of juvenile flounder when reared in suboptimal water temperatures, and an increase in water temperature from 12 to 17°C improved growth and feed efficiency.     

Efficacy of Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Treating Naturally-Induced Edwardsiella ictaluri Infections in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

Sarafin (sarafloxacin hydrochloride), a new antibacterial, was evaluated in the field on a naturally induced infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish, -Ictalurus punctatus. Healthy channel catfish (mean weight = 50 g) were stocked into nine cages at 200 fish per cage in a pond with an undergoing E. ictaluri infection. Seven days after stocking, dead fish were observed in the cages with clinical signs of enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). After E. ictaluri was confirmed through isolative biochemical tests, medicated feed was applied for five consecutive days. During this period, fish in three control cages received a commercial 32% protein floating feed, three other cages of fish served as positive controls and were fed Romet, and three cages received the test feed with Sarafin. Both medicated feeds reduced the increase in cumulative percent mortality. In the control cages, cumulative percent mortalities continued to increase throughout the study period. Average daily mortality rates were significantly lower following both treatments of medicated feed, and treatments receiving Sarafin showed the greatest reduction in average daily mortality rates. Average daily mortality rates in the control did not change after the medicated feeding period. Toward the end of the study, temperatures reached 30°C, above the active range of ESC infections, and all mortalities ceased.     

皖南花猪ESR基因与产仔数的遗传相关性研究

用PCR-RFLPs法,研究皖南花猪ESR基因与产仔数之间的关系,实验通过对ESR基因型多态性检测,并以皖南花猪这一特有品种猪进行遗传分析,为今后该猪的选育工作提供理论依据和现实指导意义。     

闽南沿海沙质地区希蒙得木的引种

引种试验表明:希蒙得木在闽南沿海温暖潮湿的沙质地区不论原种或子代都生长良好、能自然开花结果,物候期及生长规律表达稳定,种子含油量及品质与原产地基本一致,引种试验成功;但由于病虫害等原因,希蒙得木在引种点无人为管理的情况下无法自然生存。沙地良好的通透性和林地良好的排水性是希蒙得木能承受当地高达1325mm年降雨量的主要原因,也是希蒙得木在闽南沿海沙质地区引种成功的主导因子;希蒙得木在引种点的耐旱性不强,旱季浇水有助于植株生长。     

华南早晚造籼稻品质变化规律与定级探讨

应用国家优质稻谷标准GB／T17891-1999对华南籼稻早晚两造种植的稻谷样品进行了品质指标系统测定，结果表明：不同品种(组合)早晚造品质变化具有特异性。     

宁南山区生态农业模型设置及结构调整探析

西北农牧交错带由于自然环境和人文环境的地域差异决定了其人地系统发展的不平衡性,只有依托区域产业结构调整与升级,才能充分发挥地区比较优势,最大限度地获取空间经济和环境的整体利益,从而促进地区经济持续、稳定、健康发展。宁南山区作为西北农牧交错带的典型区域之一,其经济、社会、环境、资源复合系统的持续发展完全取决于地区生态产业结构的合理性与先进性。因此,加快产业结构调整,积极发展生态农业,变传统的粗放型农业发展模式为集约型生态农业发展模式,是促进宁南山区生态环境良性循环和区域社会经济可持续发展的关键所在。     

棉花膜下滴灌盐分动态及平衡研究

在南疆气候条件下．研究了膜下滴灌盐分动态变化及平衡．结果表明：在南疆，棉花苗期时，土壤盐分开始分区，盐分在膜间0～40cm强烈聚集，膜下盐分变化不大，而且在覆膜的作用下发生侧向运移，移向膜间，加剧了膜间的盐分累积；棉花生育期结束后．土壤0～60cm盐分都有增加．在膜间0～20cm盐分强烈累积；灌水量为345mm的处理盐分增加明显，积盐率高达．94．5％，其增加的盐分主要来自下边界土壤水分上行所带来的盐分，占盐分增加量的57％．而灌水量505mm处理增加的盐分主要来自灌溉水所携带的盐分，占81％．若不考虑灌溉水的矿化度，膜下滴灌土壤盐分的积盐率只有13．8％。