甘薯茎尖脱毒与快速繁殖技术研究

甘薯茎尖分生组织脱毒培养与茎段快速繁殖,对培养条件和几种主要培养因子的反应十分敏感,以MS为基本培养基对甘薯茎尖分生组织与茎段进行不同激素种类种类和浓度试验,结果表明,IAA：6－BA为1：5－20诱导效果好,最佳诱导分化培养基为：MS＋6－BA1mg/L IAA0.1-0.2mg/L GA3 0.1mg/L;试管苗株系经指示植物,NCM－ELISA法检测,获得了6个品种的脱毒苗,脱毒苗茎段试快速繁殖时,不同品种之间有差异,单独使用IAA或与GA3结合使用,在28℃,光照12h/d,液体培养效果好。     

纸浆厂废弃物和堆肥对番茄早期生长的影响

本文比较了来自不同有机物组合的三种堆肥（马粪和垫草,貂场废弃物,城市生活垃圾和污泥）和纸浆厂固体废弃物对提高番茄生长的影响.番茄、水芹、小红萝卜种植在有机养分贫瘠的土盆中,发芽后评价四个处理的植物毒性.结果表明：马粪和垫草,貂场废弃物能刺激番茄苗根部和地上部的生长,城市生活垃圾堆肥和纸浆厂固体废弃物有强烈的抑制作用;城市生活垃圾堆肥和无修复的土壤同样抑制种子萌发,纸浆厂固体废弃物处理使水芹和小红萝卜苗畸形发育,这些处理的有毒成分和养分失调都可能造成生长抑制的影响,不经过腐熟的纸浆厂固体废弃物施用到农业土壤有可能对蔬菜类植物造成有害的影响.     

温度和糖度对橙汁热导率的影响

为了深入研究橙汁热导率的影响因素,采用微热探针法测试系统,对糖度为5%~66%(质量分数)的橙汁在温度0~50℃间的热导率进行了系统测试。结果表明,对于同一糖度的橙汁,其热导率与温度呈高度线性正相关,而在同一温度条件下,橙汁的热导率与其糖度呈高度线性负相关,由此得出橙汁热导率关于温度和糖度的预测模型,通过此模型可预测0~50℃条件下不同糖度橙汁的热导率值。可见,橙汁温度和糖度均是其热导率的影响因素。     

PVA固定化污泥反应器启动特性的研究

比较了ＰＶＡ固定化污泥反应器和游离污泥反应器在启动过程中的特性差异。结果表明，ＰＶＡ固定化污泥反应器能在高浓度ＣＯＤ下稳定启动，能抗高容积有机负荷和水质不稳定的冲击，ＣＯＤ绝对去除量高２～３倍，出水ＳＳ和Ｏ．Ｄ值明显较低，ＶＦＡ浓度较低而总碱度（ＴＡ）较高，污泥产酸活性和产甲烷活性也较高。游离污泥反应器的性能相对较差，这种差异的微生物学原因在于污泥经ＰＶＡ固定后建立了良好的产酸化和产甲烷化的互营体系，而游离污泥反应器形成这种互营体系则需要较长的时间。     

Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon

In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits.     

Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

氧化塘深度对猪场厌氧消化液后处理的影响

采用小试装置对3个不同深度氧化塘处理猪场厌氧消化液的效果进行了研究,结果表明:当平均气温为21.9℃,停留时间在80 ～110天,进水负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,氧化塘对NH4-N的去除率达到了90％以上,CODcr,TP的去除率分别为50％,40％.硝化作用和藻类的吸收是氧化塘去除NH4-N的主要方式,沉淀作用则是CODcr和TP的主要去除方式,在较长停留时间下,微生物对于溶解性CODcr的分解和同化也能提供一定的去除效果.当平均气温为21.9℃,在表面负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,有效深度为0.3m和0.7m的氧化塘面积去除负荷分别为1.41 g·m-2d-1,1.49 g·m-2d-1,容积去除负荷分别为4.7g·m -3d-1,2.8g·m-3d-1.虽然较深氧化塘具有较高的面积去除负荷,但较浅的氧化塘却有更高的容积去除负荷.     

加压氨解预处理玉米秸秆糖化工艺研究

以玉米秸秆糖化为目的,研究加压氨解预处理对玉米秸秆还原糖产量和脱除木质素的影响,以确定其最佳工艺条件。结果表明:影响加压氨解预处理的主要因素是氨水浓度和粒径,其最优条件为氨水浓度15%,时间6min,压力0.075MPa,基质浓度150g/L,粒径1mm,可以获得1.74%的还原糖得率和43.30%的木质素去除率。     

瓜类蔬菜嫁接砧木生长点去除机构设计与试验

针对现有瓜科嫁接机砧木生长点去除不干净,以及生长点去除过程中砧木苗易损伤的缺点,该文以葫芦苗为试验对象,通过瓜科蔬菜砧木苗生长点去除理论运动轨迹分析和对生长点去除机构的动力学分析,设计开发了一种应用于瓜科蔬菜嫁接的生长点去除机构,该机构利用模仿人工方法通过手指去除生长点的原理,采用曲柄连杆机构外加柔性手指,实现生长点的去除。试验结果表明,砧木苗在13~17 d培育期间内,所设计的机构能较好地去除砧木苗生长点,去除成功率达90%以上,伤苗率小于5%,所研发的瓜科蔬菜嫁接砧木生长点去除机构是可行的。该研究可为解决蔬菜嫁接砧木苗生长点去除困难提供参考。     

几种化学药物混合物熏气催熟杧果的综合效应

为解决果后熟过程中存在的黄熟程度不均匀、易感炭疽病和蒂腐病等问题,进行几种化学药物的混合物所产生气体催熟果的试验。结果表明:最佳的处理(处理Ⅱ),果黄熟仅需4 d,防炭疽病效果可达93%,防蒂腐病效果可达100%,可溶性固形物含量提高1%以上,轻耗仅为自然后熟的17.38%,果皮色泽鲜艳,果肉硬,风味佳,外观整洁,商品率高。该处理方法简单易行。