花生清蛋白的分离纯化及抗氧化、DNA酶活性研究

为了解花生清蛋白的生物学活性,本试验采用硫酸铵沉淀法初步分离花生种子中的花生清蛋白,并用DEAE-52柱纯化得到花生清蛋白,分析其体外抗氧化性及DNA酶活性。结果表明,65%硫酸铵分离花生清蛋白效果最好;纯化后的花生清蛋白由3个亚基组成,其相对分子质量分别为14.5、15.5、17.2 kDa。花生清蛋白体外抗氧化活性较高,对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率与花生清蛋白浓度呈正相关,清蛋白浓度从0.02 mg·mL^-1升至0.10 mg·mL^-1时,DPPH自由基清除率从26.3%增加到45.0%,羟基自由基清除率从10.8%增加到93.5%。DNA酶活性也与花生清蛋白浓度呈正相关,清蛋白浓度从0.1 mg·mL^-1提高到0.6 mg·mL^-1,清蛋白和质粒混合液的电泳条带逐渐变暗;当花生清蛋白浓度为0.8 mg·mL^-1时,电泳条带消失,质粒被完全降解;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺4种金属离子都有增强清蛋白DNA酶活性的作用,增强能力由大到小依次是Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺。本研究结果为花生清蛋白功能性质研究及开发利用提供了一定的理论基础。     

辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳中纤维素、木质素和木糖的工艺研究

为了提高油菜壳木质纤维素分离效率,本试验以油茶壳为原料,研究不同辐照剂量(0、200、400、600、800 kGy)处理后其粉碎能耗、粒度分布和化学组分的变化,同时开展辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳木质纤维素的工艺研究。结果表明,辐照处理后油茶壳粉碎能耗降低,粉碎后细颗粒样品所占比例增加,经400 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎能耗比对照节约43.59%,800 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎后粒径<0.075 mm的颗粒占比达到41.38%。辐照处理后油茶壳木质纤维素发生降解,水溶性组分、水溶性单糖、聚糖含量均增加。辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳纤维素、木质素和木糖的最佳工艺为:辐照剂量400 kGy,反应温度100℃,反应时间3 h,在此条件下分离获得的油茶壳纤维素、木质素、木糖的提取率分别为89.94%、47.74%和96.37%,纤维素和木质素纯度分别为45.05%和91.92%。本研究结果对油茶壳木质纤维素全组分的高效分离和应用具有重要意义。     

黄花蒿叶醇提取物除草活性物质的分离及结构鉴定

为明确黄花蒿除草活性及活性物质的成分,本研究采用室内生测法测定了黄花蒿叶醇提物对4种杂草的活性;采用系统溶剂分离、硅胶柱层析分离及气质联用色谱法对提取物进行了分离和结构鉴定.结果 表明:5.0 mg/mL的黄花蒿叶醇提物对供试杂草发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均有一定的抑制作用,抑制作用从大到小的顺序为反枝苋,苘麻,狗尾草,...     

茶叶中甲基化EGCG的分离及功能研究进展

综述了茶叶中甲基化EGCG的分离方法和功能研究进展。茶叶甲基化EGCG分离方法有制备液相色谱(p HPLC)、高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、Toyopearl HW-40S中压柱层析等,主要具有抗过敏、保护肝脏、调节肠道菌群、治疗哮喘、清除自由基等功效。     

Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value of the Liquid Fraction of Separated Livestock Slurries Applied to Potatoes and Silage Maize

Separation of livestock slurries followed by reverse osmosis yields mineral concentrates (MCs) in which almost all nitrogen (N) is ammonium (NH₄)-N. The ability of MCs to substitute calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), a common conventional mineral N fertilizer, was tested in two trials on a silty loam soil (ware potatoes, 2009 and 2010) and four trials on sandy soils (starch potatoes, 2009 and 2010; silage maize in 2010 and 2011). The N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of spring-injected MCs ranged from 72 to 84%, slightly less than their share of ammonium-N (90–100%). The fate of N that was apparently unavailable to crops was not fully disclosed, but there were indications that ammonia loss may have played a role.     

Use of clomipramine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs: a preliminary, clinical study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a treatment protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs. DESIGN: A study was undertaken to assess clinical responses in 24 dogs diagnosed with one or more of three behavioural disorders stated above to a treatment regimen that included clomipramine and behaviour modification. PROCEDURE: A detailed behavioural and clinical history was obtained for each dog. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was diagnosed in nine cases: primary presenting complaints were tail-chasing, shadow-chasing, circling and chewing; one case was diagnosed with concurrent separation anxiety. Separation anxiety was diagnosed in 14 cases: presenting complaints included destruction, vocalisation and escaping in the absence of the owner; four cases also exhibited noise phobia. The study also included one dog diagnosed with noise phobia only and another with inappropriate fear responses. Clomipramine was administered orally twice daily. The starting dose was 1 to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The dose was increased incrementally to a maximum of 4 mg/kg if needed. A behaviour modification program was designed and the owner instructed on its implementation. Dogs continued medication for at least 1 month after clinical signs disappeared or were acceptably reduced, then withdrawal of medication was attempted by decreasing drug dosage at weekly intervals while behaviour modification continued. RESULTS: The presenting clinical sign was largely improved or disappeared in 16 dogs, 5 demonstrated slight to moderate improvement and the behaviour was unchanged in 3. Clomipramine withdrawal was attempted in nine cases: this was successful in five. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine was effective and well-tolerated in controlling signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or separation anxiety and/or noise phobia in 16 of 24 assessable cases, when used in combination with behaviour modification, and improvement in clinical signs was noted in 5 others.     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞来源于附植前胚胎的内细胞团或附植后胎儿的原始生殖细胞具有发育全能性的细胞。本文从它的研究概况、生物学特性、胚胎干细胞的分离培养与建系等方面做一概述。     

感染鸡日龄对球虫单卵囊分离的影响

选用5、8、11日龄的雏鸡进行鸡球虫单卵囊分离试验,研究不同感染日龄对鸡球虫单卵囊分离的影响。结果表明:在其他条件一致的情况下,从感染成功率、潜伏期、高峰期的出现时间及持续时间和从每只感染雏鸡收集到的球虫卵囊数量等指标进行综合判定,发现感染11日龄的雏鸡单卵囊分离成功率最高。     

政企分开时政府、企业、银行三方利益均衡机制的构建分析

提出了利益均衡机制的构造框架:研究目标、政企分开的基础研究,政企分开时银行、企业、政府三方决策过程研究,政企分开后的效果评价、实证研究、关键问题,提出了相应的构建思路.     

淡水环境中可溶有机质研究进展

论述了淡水环境中可溶有机质(DOM)在分离与分析方法、来源与特征,以及环境意义等方面的研究进展。指出了在分离方法上,从XAD树脂分离到反渗透膜分离已经发展出各种分离技术;在分析方法上,现代波谱分析技术得到了广泛应用。DOM是由在来源、年龄、存在状态、后生改造等方面存在巨大差异的不同有机质混合构成的,因而呈现出十分复杂的非均质结构。DOM通过其自身的生物可利用性、改变有机污染物和重金属的生物可利用性及其耗氧能力影响环境质量,而且其自身的一些地球化学特征也能用来反映环境的变化特点。最后简述了湿地淡水环境中DOM的研究趋势和展望。