Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission

The development of a closed recirculating aquaculture system that does not discharge effluents would reduce a large amount of pollutant load on aquatic bodies. In this study, eel were reared in a closed recirculating system, which consisted of a rearing tank, a foam separation unit, a nitrification unit and a denitrification unit. The foam separation unit has an inhalation-type aerator and supplies air bubbles to the rearing water. The growth of eel, which were fed a commercial diet, was satisfactory, with gross weight increases of up three times in 3 months. The survival rate under the congested experimental conditions was 91%. The foam separation unit maintained oxygen saturation in the rearing water at about 80%. Furthermore, fine colloidal substances were absorbed on the stable foam formed from eel mucus and were removed from the rearing water by foam separation. Ammonia oxidation and the removal of suspended solids were accomplished rapidly and simultaneously in the nitrification unit. The ammonia concentration and turbidity were kept at less than 1.2 mg of N per litre and 2.5 units, respectively. When the denitrification process was operated, nitrate that accumulated in the rearing water (151 mg of N per litre) was reduced to 40 mg of N per litre. The sludge was easily recovered from the nitrification and denitrification tanks, and the components were found suitable as compost. Based on these results, the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish such as eel can be achieved using a closed recirculating system without emission.     

Functional characterization of Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris haemocyte separated using density gradient centrifugation

Haemocytes from penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris) were separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Shrimp haemocytes were spontaneously adhered to glass, allowing slide preparations for staining and microscopic differential counting. Like other crustaceans, shrimp has three main populations differing in presence and size of cytoplasmic granules and each population seems to be biochemical or functionally compromised. Prophenoloxidase (proPO )activity was mainly located in large granules haemocytes (75%) while the small granules cells participate with 25%, but seem to be responsible for encapsulation. Haemocyte discrimination ability was tested using Sephadex? (Seph?), DEAE‐Seph? and CM‐Seph?. Only DEAE‐Seph? was encapsulated by shrimp haemocytes and provoked the release of proPO activating system, indicating the role of particle charge in the activation of shrimp immune response.     

割前摘脱联合收获机惯性沉降分离室能耗研究

4ZTL-1800割前摘脱稻(麦)联合收获机采用惯性沉降分离室来实现谷物与气流的分离。目前对惯性沉降分离室内气体的流动特性、压力损失特性及其受结构参数的影响规律等研究还未见研究报道。为此,建立了惯性沉降分离室内气相守恒方程,在此基础上应用Fluent软件对分离室结构参数对其压力损失的影响规律进行了数值模拟计算,得到了结构参数对压力损失的影响规律。经实验验证表明,模拟值与试验值基本吻合,研究结果为进一步优化惯性沉降分离室的结构、减小体积和降低压力损失提供了理论依据。     

棉种介电分选的试验研究

介电分选是一种新型的种子分选方法,具有结构简单、适应性强、分选效果好和可按种子活力进行分级的特点.电导率是反映种子活力的一个重要指标,分选电压是影响介电分选效果的一个重要因素,为了探讨电导率与分选电压之间的关系,介绍了棉种介电分选的原理,并在不同的分选电压条件下对棉种电导率进行了测定,同一条件下重复测定5次,所得数据用DPS统计软件进行分析处理.结果表明,分选电压对棉种电导率有影响,且回归效果显著.     

双流道泵内非定常固液两相流的数值分析

采用Mixture多相流模型、标准的k-ε湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,应用FLUENT软件对双流道泵内固液两相湍流进行了非定常数值模拟.研究结果表明:不同时刻,泵流道内的压力分布明显不同,呈现周期性变化规律;在叶轮流道内,固相体积浓度分布极不均匀,颗粒主要集中于叶轮出口处的工作面和后盖板上,而在蜗壳流道内,固相颗粒多集中于离叶轮半径较大的蜗壳壁面上.     

混合沙粒对半开式叶轮离心泵磨损的影响

为了研究含有混合多种颗粒粒径的含沙水对离心泵过流部件磨损特性的影响,应用RN G k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,基于颗粒离散相模型(DPM)和半经验的McLaury磨损模型,沙粒注入选用Rosin-Rammler分布的拟合方法,对1台半开式离心泵内固液两相流的磨损特性进行数值分析.研究结果表明:叶轮流道内沙粒组分...     

配体交换色谱手性流动相法拆分和定量茶氨酸对映体

建立了配体交换色谱手性流动相法拆分茶氨酸对映体的方法。采用Polaris C₁₈柱;流动相为L-脯氨酸：Cu²⁺（摩尔比）为2:1,Cu²⁺浓度为0.5βmmol/L,pH6.8,甲醇的加入体积比为2%;波长254βnm;流速0.9βml/min;柱温30℃。L-茶氨酸的进样量在0.09542βμg~4.241βμg范围内峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好,回收率在97.45%~100.4%之间;D-茶氨酸的进样量在0.08486βμg~4.243βμg范围峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好,回收率在97.07%~100.1%之间。该方法通用,准确。     

膜分离技术在茶业中的应用现状及展望

膜分离技术在食品加工中的应用已非常普遍并日趋成熟,现代茶叶深加工,尤其是速溶茶及茶饮料的生产更是离不开膜技术。本文对膜分离技术及其在食品加工中的应用进行了概述,重点阐述了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透及其集成技术在茶叶加工中的研究现状及存在的不足,并指出了其未来的发展趋势。     

长白山鸡爪苓子实体的组织分离培养及其酯酶同工酶分析

以鸡爪苓子实体为分离材料,对子实体的不同部位进行组织分离,并对分离得到的纯培养菌株进行酯酶同工酶分析,结果表明,菌柄基部是最佳分离部位,菌株萌发成活率最高;分离材料与产地的不同使得分离菌株之间的EST同工酶谱带表达有明显的差异。     

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63有效成分的初步提取与纯化

为了解玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63的代谢产物和其生物活性,对该菌株进行摇瓶培养,从菌丝中提取到一种对棉花黄萎病菌有明显抑制作用的有效成分。经过XAD-1600型大孔吸附树脂,ODS C18硅胶中压柱分离得到黄白色粉末。HPLC检测后,初步断定该物质是一类非常相似的物质组成的混合物,并且极有可能具备互变异构的特性。