Density fractionation reworked: Reduce material and costs

Soil density fractionation is a common tool to separate organic matter of different function and turnover. But it has not been tested so far how much soil material is necessary to obtain reproducible results. A reduction of chemicals like polytungstate would further save valuable resources. Here, we show that soil weight reduction from 25 to 5 g was not significantly affecting fractionation results. Compared to the commonly used 10–25 g, this corresponds to a saving of resources of up to 80%.     

子宫内膜炎患牛唾液生化变化的初步研究

[目的]探究子宫内膜炎患牛唾液生物标志物特点,[方法]研究收集试验组子宫内膜炎患牛和对照组健康奶牛唾液,针对所选10种生物标志物使用相关试剂盒在自动生化分析仪上进行检测,并将所得数据进行对比分析。[结果]相比健康奶牛,子宫内膜炎患牛唾液生物标志物的升高项为α唾液淀粉酶、皮质醇、乳酸和尿酸,而腺苷脱氨酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶水平、pH值、钠钾比则下降明显。[结论]说明应激、炎症和氧化应激在患子宫内膜炎奶牛体内的存在,钠营养状况略受影响。     

氯化钠和氯化钙对玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的影响

通过测定分析玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系在有无氯化钠和氯化钙存在条件下的糊化特性、动态与静态流变学特性,研究氯化钠和氯化钙对玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的影响。结果表明,氯化钠和氯化钙的加入,提高了玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的成糊温度,降低了崩解值和回升值,峰值黏度也略微下降;玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的弹性模量G′值显著减小,黏性模量G″值的频率依赖性较大;氯化钠和氯化钙使玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的假塑性增强,且氯化钙的作用大于氯化钠。     

HPLC测定复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉含量

建立复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠（以磺胺间甲氧嘧啶计）和甲氧苄啶含量的HPLC检测方法,采用Inertsil C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,以乙腈：0.017mol/L磷酸液（20：80）（按1‰的比例加入三乙胺）为流动相,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为230nm。在该色谱条件下,两种药物分离很好,磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在24.89～248.9μg/mL之间,甲氧苄啶在5～50μg/mL之间,线性良好（r〉0.99999）,添加回收率在97.46%～100.45%之间。该方法快速简便,准确可靠,能够满足实际样品的检测要求。     

The influence of nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and osmoregulation of digitaria eriantha and Chloris gayana grown under saline conditions

Abstract

Digltaria eriantha and Chloris gayana were grown under controlled conditions for three months and were treated with a nutrient solution containing 150 mMol NaCl and the following nitrogen sources: 25 or 200 mg/l NH₄ ⁺‐N or NO₃ ^?‐N or no nitrogen. The application of nitrogen was found to stimulate growth, i.e. leaf area and dry mass in both grasses, with a greatest growth response to both NH₄ ⁺—N treatments in D. eriantha, and NH₄ ⁺‐N and NO₃ ^?—N treatments in C. gayana. Proline accumulated in both grasses, but this accumulation followed different trends in the two grasses. Soluble sugars (non‐structural) accumulated in the above ground component in D. eriantha, while in C. gayana soluble sugars accumulated predominantly in the roots, possibly as osmotica, or for storage and may thus have been available for regrowth.     

日粮中添加不同水平亚硒酸钠对公鸡睾丸组织细胞结构的影响

通过在日粮中添加亚硒酸钠,研究不同水平无机硒对公鸡睾丸组织细胞结构的影响。选取80只体重接近、健康无疾病的海兰白成年公鸡,随机分成4组,每组20只鸡。对照组饲以基础日粮;硒处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1和2 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠。H-E染色的结果表明:0.5 mg/kg组公鸡睾丸发育最好,各级生精细胞数量最多;1 mg/kg组睾丸各级生精细胞较多,但细胞间存在明显间隙,成熟精子较少;而2 mg/kg组睾丸组织结构已经发生一定程度的损伤,各级精细胞数量都较少。试验说明,日粮添加适宜浓度的硒可促进公鸡睾丸的发育,而较高的硒添加量会使睾丸发育不良。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠在分光光度法测量土壤中痕量钒的应用

利用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2萘酚(PAN)分光光度法测定了土壤中痕量钒,选择最能显著提高显色反应的灵敏度,且对反应最小干扰的表面活性剂。结果表明:在钒(V)-PAN形成的络合物中加入表面活性剂可以显著提高显色体系的灵敏度。在测量土壤中微量钒试验中选择十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为最佳表面活性剂。为了试验中络合物的吸光度最大且稳定,实验选取8%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液1mL。     

Molecular Approaches to Improve Salt Resistance in Crops: Facts and Perspectives

SUMMARY

Because of the expansion of agriculture into marginal environments, enhancement of crop resistance to soil salinity is becoming a frequent objective for breeders. The tools offered by molecular biology to transfer a single or a few genes provide a major hope to reduce the negative impact of broad gene transfer that takes place in wide-cross hybridizations. Due to the presence of osmotic and toxic components in the growth response of plants to salt stress, any attempt to improve plant performance in saline environments should ensure the maintenance of an adequate flux of water into plant tissues, and also avoid the build up of ions into the cell compartments where they can exert toxic effects. Besides, reduction of injury effects due to salinity on plant tissues is a highly desirable objective. Transgenic plants overexpressing ion transporters able to exclude Na⁺ into vacuoles, the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of several osmocompatible, organic solutes, or the enzymes participating in detoxification pathways, have been obtained. Some of these transgenic plants display an enhanced growth relative to their wild type parents in saline environments, although the way in which this resistance is achieved remains essentially unknown. A fourth and promising way to engineer salt resistance in plants is the attempt to manipulate gene regulatory pathways. The extent to which these experiences, mainly with model plants, could be extrapolated to crop plants growing in the field is discussed. It is proposed that a combination of different molecular approaches could be helpful to achieve enhanced salt resistance in crop plants.     

鲁米诺-高碘酸钠-没食子酸丙酯化学发光体系的研究

根据碱性介质中没食子酸丙酯对鲁米诺-高碘酸钠具有较强的增敏作用,建立了化学发光测定没食子酸丙酯的分析方法.结果表明,没食子酸丙酯在8.0× 10-7～1.0× 104 g/L范围内与化学发光强度存在线性关系(R2=0.998 2),对1.0×10-5 g/L没食子酸丙酯溶液测定11次,检出限达到6.4×10-7g/L,RSD为1.61％.该方法可用于食用调和油中没食子酸丙酯的快速测定.     

FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附特性研究

[目的]筛选适宜的离子交换树脂,并优化提取工艺条件。[方法]通过比较4种阴离子交换树脂对肝素钠的吸附效果,研究吸附时间、温度、溶液pH、盐浓度对FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附率的影响。[结果]FPA 98型大孔树脂对肝素钠的吸附效率最高。在吸附温度60℃、pH为8.8、盐浓度3%的条件下吸附7.0 h,FPA 98树脂对肝素钠的吸附率达92%。[结论]FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附特性研究为肝素钠的生产提供了参考。