高校图书馆服务社会之探索与实践——以深圳大学城图书馆为例

高校图书馆提升社会服务功能对社会、个人以及自身发展都具有积极的意义。但是现阶段国内高校图书馆面向社会服务的实践仍存在很多问题,文章以深圳大学城图书馆为例,对现存问题进行分析,提出一些可行性建议,以期为高校图书馆的社会服务进展提供借鉴。     

“民工荒”视角下的农民工工资决定机制及其影响研究

"民工荒"背景下,识别农民工工资决定机制的新特征,将有助于把握农村剩余劳动力城镇化进程的新趋势。基于"进城务工人员生存状况调查"数据,分析人力资本和社交网络在农民工工资决定机制的作用,探讨其对农村人口转移决策和教育投资的影响。结果表明,人力资本和社交网络对农民工工资具有显著正向影响。但初、中等教育投资回报率明显偏低,初中教育不会对工资产生显著影响,高中教育仅能引起工资落入2 000元以下工资区间的概率减少7.0%;接受初、中等教育给带来的工资增幅低于其通过工作经验增加所带来的增幅,并将促使农村初中等教育适龄人口提前做出转移决策;社交网络则通过提高实现高工资就业的机会,进一步强化上述倾向。研究揭示了农民工工资决定机制的调整,存在着抑制农村人口教育投资、鼓励农村人口提前做出转移决策的消极影响,并据此提出相关对策建议。     

信息时代的社会形态

重新对信息社会的特征进行介绍,以期人们对其引起重视,使我们的思想对策和体制适应信息社会的操作运行。     

客来敬茶:民族特色与人的社会化

茶与礼的契合具有历史的必然性,客来敬茶正是二者契合的典型事例。客来敬茶是中华民族共同体生存发展过程中,为各族人民共建、传播,有着中华民族共同的价值认同,能体现中华民族特色的文化体系。本文在探讨客来敬茶的发生、发展以及文化内涵的基础上,提出了传统的"人情化"社会与客来敬茶存在着密切联系,二者具有互动的性质。这就是客来敬茶不断强化着人的人情化意识,促进了人情化社会的发展,而人情化社会的发生与发展,又给人的社会化提出要求,为人的社会化提供重要的学习内容。因此,掌握客来敬茶与人的社会化的相关内容,对人的社会化过程起着不同程度的促进作用。     

The response of an elephant population to conservation area expansion: Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa

Continuous human population expansion pressure on conservation ecosystems restricts wildlife areas, and necessitates active management. In areas of changing land-use and increasing human-animal conflict, responses of wildlife to direct human interventions can inform managers and planners. During August 2004, the boundary fences between Phinda Private Game Reserve and two neighbouring reserves were removed. This study examined behavioural responses of the resident elephants. Older, recently introduced bulls moved into the new area during the first month after fence removal, while younger resident bulls and family groups took between five and eight months. Initially family groups only moved into the new area at night and spent minimal time there, while older bulls spent longer periods of time, regardless of time of day. One year after fence removal, most of the elephants had only expanded their home ranges slightly into the new area. One of the findings of this study is that elephants appear to act cautiously in exploring new areas and responded by moving into the area slowly and over a relatively long time period. This cautious behaviour reduced through time as animals became more familiar with the area. The spatial scale of response of the elephants was relatively small, while the temporal scale of response was relatively large.     

Social learning in fishes: a review

Animals acquire skills and knowledge from other animals, and fish are no exception. There is now strong experimental evidence that many species of fish exhibit social learning and traditional behaviours. Here, we review the literature pertaining to social learning in fish, focusing on (i) antipredator behaviour, (ii) migration and orientation, (iii) foraging, (iv) mate choice and (v) eavesdropping.     

Meiotic studies of spontaneous hybrids of Amaranthus: genome analysis

The meiotic behaviour of 13 spontaneous interspecific F₁ hybrids of Amaranthus was studied. The hybrids between species with n= 16 chromosomes had 16 bivalents but varied considerably in pollen stainability (0–55%). These results suggest the existence of cryptic structural hybridity. The hybrids involving A. cruentus (n = 17) and species with n = 16 (A. caudatus and A. quitensis) always formed 15II+1 III with very low pollen stainability (5–7%). Further observations indicated that Amaranthus species are allotetraploids with basic numbers of x= 8 and x= 9 but exhibit x= 16 and x= 17 as secondary basic numbers, as demonstrated by (a) the frequent presence of 811 + 171 in the meiosis of the hybrid A. spinosus (n = 17) × A. hybridus (n= 16); and the occurrence of secondary associations between bivalents in MI. Genomic formulae are proposed for each species, on the basis of the meiotic behaviour of the hybrids studied.     

Older Chinese and Korean migrants' experiences of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand: A qualitative study

Later-life migrants, as older people living away from their home nations, occupy multiply-precarious positions in relation to national COVID-19 pandemic responses. Concern has particularly centred on this group's increased risk of social and linguistic exclusion. We explore the perspectives of later-life older Chinese and Koreans living in New Zealand during the nation's COVID-19 lockdown of 2020. This paper presents a sub-analysis of culturally-matched interviews conducted with 3 Korean and 5 Chinese later-life migrants. These participants are a sub-sample of a larger qualitative interview study comprising 44 interviews. A social capital approach has been used to aid conceptualisation of participants' experiences and a reflexive thematic approach guided analysis. Despite their underrepresentation in national response efforts, Chinese and Korean later-life migrants resourcefully participated in ethnically-specific pandemic initiatives. Three themes identified were: (1) taking it seriously (2) already digitally literate (3) challenges and difficulties. Older Asian migrants engaged in a range of creative strategies to stay connected during COVID-19 lockdowns which drew heavily on pre-existing social capital. Future pandemic responses should seek to improve connectedness between the national government COVID-19 response and older Korean and Chinese later-life migrants.     

Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) vertical movements in the Azores Islands determined with pop-up satellite archival tags

Movement patterns of 17 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) near the Azores Islands were analyzed between April and May 2001 and 2002 using pop‐up satellite archival tags. Despite short attachment durations (1 to 21 days, 8.2 days on average), their vertical movements revealed much shallower distribution of bigeye tuna in comparison with previous studies in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. Depth and temperature histograms were unimodal, although overall depth distribution during the day was deeper than during the night due to daily incursions in deeper waters. Although generalized additive models showed significant non‐linear relationships with weight of the fish and sea level anomaly (as a proxy for variability of thermocline depth), the effect of these variables on bigeye depth appeared minor, suggesting that vertical movements of bigeye in the Azores during the spring migration may be influenced by food availability in upper water layers.     

Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interaction with fish farms in the Gulf of Ambracia,western Greece

1. Marine aquaculture, and its fast-growing development, has the potential for wider environmental, ecosystem, and biodiversity impacts. This study assesses the impact of fish farming on a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population within the Gulf of Ambracia (western Greece) between 2007 and 2018. Two different study areas were defined in order to investigate differences on occurrence, abundance, behaviour, and seasonal fluctuations between them: a ‘control area’, in the north-western side of the Gulf; and a ‘fish farm area’, in the south west, where the highest density of fish farm cages is found.
2. A total of 169 daily surveys were dedicated to the control area and 74 days were dedicated to the fish farm area, yielding 104 and 37 sightings, respectively. Both the probability of detecting dolphins (U = 6,763.000, P = 0.002) and the group sizes (U = 578.000, P < 0.001) were smaller around fish farms.
3. Seasonality analyses were restricted to 2007–2008, as this was the period with year-round effort. Results revealed that dolphins were more frequently seen around fish farms in the winter (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.036).
4. From the 40 identified individuals that were re-sighted at least 10 times during the study period, 21 used the fish farm area less than expected according to sampling effort, and 10 of them were never observed in that area (binomial test, P < 0.05).
5. The results revealed an impact of fish farms on the distribution of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Ambracia. This information should be taken into consideration when defining ecosystem-based management measures within the management plan, which is currently in preparation for this Natura 2000 site.