Design and performance of recirculating aquaculture system for marine finfish broodstock development

Tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in India present an ideal and unique opportunity for being the leader in tropical marine finfish aquaculture. However, the problem persist due to non-availability of marine finfish seed for the culture. In response to this problem, broodstock development of different tropical marine finfishes for seed production was started. The present study was undertaken to design a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and studying their performance in managing the various water quality required for the marine finfish broodstock development and breeding. The design of RAS, developed in the present study, included a broodstock tank, egg collection chamber, electrical pump, rapid sand filter, venturi type protein skimmer and biological filter. Two RAS were designed, one was stocked with a demersal fish species, orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and the other was stocked with a pelagic fish species, Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) at the rate 1 and 0.5 kg/m³ with a sex ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (female: male) respectively. Various physio-chemical parameters, viz, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkalinity, temperature, free carbon dioxide (CO₂) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of both tank water were analyzed to assess the performance of recirculating aquaculture system in maintaining the water quality. Gonadal development of the fishes was assessed and the spawning performance was recorded and finally, economic performance of the system was also evaluated. During the entire experimental period, mean monthly total ammonia nitrogen was less than 0.07 and 0.06 mg L⁻¹ and mean monthly nitrite was less than 0.02 and 0.01 mg L⁻¹ in orange spotted grouper and Indian pompano RAS tanks respectively. The pH (7.8–8.2), DO (>4 mg/L) and alkalinity (100–120 mg/L) were found to be in optimum range in both recirculating aquaculture systems. Carbon dioxide was found to be nil during the entire experimental period in both the systems. In fact these levels were comparable or less than that is reported as the permissible limits for broodstock development. Indian pompano and Orange spotted grouper matured and spawning was obtained with production of fertilized eggs round the year. Economic evaluation showed the price of 10,000 fertilized eggs of orange spotted grouper to be US $ 1.33. The design of RAS devised in the present study is efficient in controlling and maintaining optimum water quality for broodstock development of both demersal and pelagic finfishes. The fishes stocked in RAS attained final maturation and round the year spawning was obtained.     

Effect of the particle size on the ammonia removal rate and the bacterial community composition of bioflocs

The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency and bacterial community composition of bioflocs with <50-μm particle size, > 50-μm particle size and un-sieved bioflocs were investigated in the current study. The initial ratio of dissolved organic carbon to TAN (DOC/TAN) in the three groups were about 14:1. No significant difference was found in the removal rate of TAN, average concentrations of TAN and nitrite nitrogen among the three groups (P > 0.05). The C/N (w/w) ratio of the > 50-μm bioflocs was significantly higher than those of the other groups. No significant differences were found in the crude protein content in the bioflocs among the three groups. The development of the bacterial community compositions of the bioflocs was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses. Most OTUs were shared among the three groups at all the sampled time points. With the increase in the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, that of phylum Proteobacteria, Chorolexi, and Bacteroidetes decreased in all the three groups. The phylum Firmicutes and genus Bacillus were predominant in all the sampled time points. At the end of the experiment, genus Bacillus accounted for 81% in the < 50-μm group, 82% in the > 50-μm group, and 75% in the un-sieved group.     

An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day⁻¹, with metabolic body weight = body weight^0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.     

杭州湾南岸滩涂贝类7种养殖模式的比较研究

在杭州湾南岸滩涂,设计7种贝类养殖模式:平涂单养泥螺(Ⅰ)、平涂单养彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅱ)、蓄水单养青蛤(Ⅲ)、平涂混轮养泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅳ)、平涂混养缢蛏和彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅴ)、蓄水混养缢蛏和斑节对虾(Ⅵ)和蓄水混养缢蛏和青蛤(Ⅶ),经养殖试验对它们的养殖效益作了比较。结果表明,7种养殖模式的产值/投入比值差异不显著,在1.43~1.55之间;而其效益(利润)差异较大,在2.94~21.04万元/hm2,其中以模式Ⅵ最高,是模式Ⅰ的7倍多和模式Ⅲ的4倍,模式Ⅳ比Ⅰ高86.1%,模式Ⅴ比Ⅱ高62.66%,模式Ⅲ比Ⅰ或Ⅱ高70%左右,模式Ⅳ比Ⅴ高9.81%,模式Ⅰ与Ⅱ、模式Ⅶ与Ⅲ等效益相差不大。按生态及经济效益评价这7种滩涂贝类放养模式的结果揭示,以蓄水混轮养不同栖息习性和不同食性种类(贝虾混养),充分利用空间生态位和营养生态位者为最佳;对无法蓄水的平涂以螺蛤或螺蛏混轮养为好。     

浙江水产养殖环境中铬的形态分析和污染情况调查

本文对浙江省池塘养殖、滩涂养殖、浅海筏式养殖、工厂化养殖和网箱养殖等典型养殖模式 环境中铬的污染情况进行抽样调查,根据本单位开发方法对总铬和有效态铬中的两种价态铬进行测 定。结果表明,我省水产养殖环境中,水质中总铬和毒性较大的Cr6+含量较小,均在《生活饮用水卫 生标准》（0.05mg/L）限量标准以下,未发现超出渔业水质标准的情况。     

循环水养殖系统水净化装备技术研究

循环水养殖系统为当前水产养殖先进生产力的发展方向,其具养殖水环境高度可控、产品质量安全可靠、节水、节地等特点,符合国家转变经济增长方式,节能减排的战略需求。循环水养殖水净化装备是循环水养殖系统核心组成。其为循环水养殖生产中的水产养殖对象提供良好水生态环境,提高水产养殖品产量及质量,提升资源利用率。本文以循环水养殖系统水净化典型工艺为主线,对其主要环节包括悬浮物去除、溶解性有机物降解、杀菌消毒、增氧、调温等所涉及的装备技术进行探讨及总结,并提出发展建议,以期为精准、高效、节能循环水养殖系统构建,推进其进一步应用提供支持。     

基于大型渔业平台的深远海渔业发展现状与思考

基于渔业产业现状,分析国内外在大型渔业平台、深海网箱和养殖工船方面的发展现状,提出“游弋式”养殖工船及深远海渔业的基本概念。受限于投资成本、技术发展水平等客观因素,中国深远海养殖发展速度缓慢,但近年来取得了一定的发展成效。笔者针对现阶段渔业粗放型生产方式的现状,从国家战略、渔业改革和产业需求等角度分析深远海渔业发展的必要性,认为发展以养殖工船为代表的深远海大型渔业平台是实现渔业强国之路的有效途径之一,走出一条符合中国国情的深远海渔业平台的开发之路势在必行。     

中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架构建

近10年来,中国水产养殖业快速发展,产量大幅增加,随着绿色养殖概念的提出和总量控制制度的不断完善,水产养殖污染物排放强度明显下降,水产养殖污染物排放总量控制工作已见成效.本研究分析了水产养殖环境污染的产生与排放情况;总结了中国近年来为实现水产养殖污染物排放总量控制目标,在优化养殖布局、控制养殖环境污染、发展健康养殖和开...     

基于Ecopath模型的海水池塘主要养殖模式比较分析

为了揭示台州温岭地区海水池塘不同养殖模式间的物质流动规律,以贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖2种模式的海水池塘为研究对象,基于EWE 6.5软件分别构建了14和15个功能组的Ecopath模型。结果显示,综合养殖模式第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级之间物质传输效率(52.1%)高于贝类单养模式(26.5%),同时其碎屑组的物质流通量占比(20.81%)也高于贝类单养模式(4.64%)。与贝类单养模式相比,综合养殖模式关键种从大型浮游动物转为凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),混合营养效益分析显示虾功能组主要对浮游生物和碎屑产生影响,导致浮游动物生态营养学效率(Ecotrophic efficiency, EE)升高,浮游植物EE值降低,而两种模式中贝类功能组混合营养效益未发生明显改变。贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖模式的Finn’s循环指数分别为2.75%和13.21%,系统连接指数分别为0.256和0.250,杂食指数分别为0.049和0.065,这表明由于综合养殖模式具有更完善的食物网,整体结构要优于单养模式,但两种模式整体成熟度和稳定性均较低,存在较大提升空间,可引入新功能组,以进一步提高系统稳...     

The impacts of aquaculture development on food security: lessons from Bangladesh

Fish contribute a significant amount of animal protein to the diets of people in Bangladesh, about 63% of which comes from aquatic animals. In Bangladesh, fish is mainly derived from two sources: capture and culture. Aquaculture has shown tremendous growth in the last two decades, exhibiting by about 10% average annual growth in production. Capture fisheries, although still the major source of supply of fish, have become static or are in decline due to over‐fishing and environmental degradation, and it is now believed that aquaculture has the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for fish from the increasing population. At present, aquaculture production accounts for about one‐third of the total fish production in Bangladesh. This paper examines the impact of an aquaculture development project in Bangladesh on food security, with particular emphasis on the poor. The analysis shows a positive impact of aquaculture development on employment, income and consumption. A number of implications for policy in areas that might strengthen these outcomes are discussed and recommendations are presented.