半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis) gnrh2基因克隆、组织分布及卵巢成熟过程中表达分析

为了研究下丘脑神经肽促性腺激素释放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2,GnRH2)在半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)卵巢成熟过程中的生理作用,本研究通过RT-PCR及RACE方法获得了半滑舌鳎GnRH2全长cDNA序列;通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)对gnrh2 mRNA的组织分布以及卵巢成熟过程中的时空表达特性进行了分析.结果显示,半滑舌鳎GnRH2全长cDNA序列为538 bp(不包括polyA尾),其中,5'非编码区(Untranslated region,UTR)为154 bp,3'UTR为126 bp,开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)为258 bp,编码85个氨基酸的前体多肽,其分子量及等电点分别为9.69 kDa和8.55.GnRH2前体多肽由信号肽、GnRH2十肽、酶切位点(GKR)以及GnRH相关肽共4部分组成.序列比对分析发现,GnRH2在鱼类中同源性极高,尤其是十肽(QHWSHGWYPG)在所有硬骨鱼类中完全相同.半滑舌鳎GnRH2与鲈形目同源性最高(89.41％-90.5 9％),其次为鲽形目、鲑形目和鲍形目(78.82％-85.88％),与鲤形目同源性最低(61.18％-71.76％).gnrh2 mRNA主要在脑中表达,在垂体及其他外周组织中表达量极低.此外,组织学分析显示,半滑舌鳎卵巢发育共分为5个时期(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ期).在卵巢成熟过程中,脑gnrh2 mRNA表达量在卵黄生成期(Ⅲ期)显著性增加,达到峰值;随后表达量急剧下降,在成熟期(Ⅴ期)达到最小值;在排卵后期(Ⅵ期)又显著性增加.然而,在卵巢成熟过程中,垂体gnrh2 mRNA表达量在卵黄生成后期(Ⅳ期)显著性降低,随后在成熟期(Ⅴ期)有所增加,但在排卵后期(Ⅵ期)又急剧下降.上述研究结果表明,脑GnRH2可能参与了半滑舌鳎卵巢发育过程.     

猪卵泡液和胎牛血清对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

本研究探讨了猪卵泡液(pFF)和胎牛血清(FCS)对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。将猪小腔卵泡(直径<2mm)卵母细胞-卵丘复合体(COCs)以15～35枚为一组随机置于添加不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)pFF(试验一)或不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)FCS(试验二)的改良TCM-199成熟液中培养44～48h,观察卵母细胞的核成熟率和卵丘扩散情况。试验一结果显示,成熟液中添加10%pFF与对照组和添加5%、20%pFF组相比,显著提高猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞的核成熟率(28 2%比20 5%、20 9%、22 3%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%pFF组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵母细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p>0 05);添加5%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,添加10%和20%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第4类扩散,而不添加pFF的对照组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散。试验二结果显示,成熟液中添加10%FCS与对照组和添加5%、20%FCS组相比,明显提高猪小腔卵泡卵细胞的核成熟率(60 0%比37 5%、40 2%、43 9%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%FCS组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p<0 05);FCS在COCs体外成熟培养的前22～24h促进了卵丘扩散(3个处理组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,而对照组COCs的卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散)。研究结果表明:(1)成熟液中添加pFF可促使猪小     

优质肉种鸡开产初期体重对产蛋性能的影响

（1郑州牧业工程高等专科学校,河南郑州 450011;2新郑鑫源养殖公司,河南新郑 451160; 3南京农业大学,江苏南京 210095）     

海狸鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养初探

实验用ＰＭＳＧ或ＰＭＳＧ＋ＨＣＧ处理或未经激素处理的海狸鼠８只，共获卵巢卵母细胞１３８枚。激素处理对获取卵巢卵母细胞的数量没有影响，而对体外成熟发育至卵丘扩展和半成熟阶段有促进作用。三种不同培养液（Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＨＣＧ＋ＦＣＳ）共培养１２５枚卵母细胞，培养后卵丘扩展率及半成熟率分别为５６．５％，４５．７％，４７．６％和２１．７％，１２．３％，９．５％，以Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ液较高（分别为５６．５％和２１．７％），但只有ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ组有２枚卵母细胞出现第一极体。结果表明海狸鼠卵母细胞与其它啮齿动物的卵母细胞一样，能够在体外培养成熟，完成第一次减数分裂，排出第一极体     

稻曲菌交配型初探

 稻曲菌（有性态：Villosiclava virens;无性态：Ustilaginoidea virens）有性繁殖产生的子囊孢子是水稻稻曲病可能的初侵染源之一,交配型基因座对真菌有性繁殖中的性别控制起着决定性作用。为进一步揭示稻曲菌的有性繁殖方式,本研究首次克隆了稻曲菌交配型基因mat1-1-1的α-结构域（α-domain）相应核苷酸序列,发现其与麦角菌科真菌Cordyceps militaris、Cor. bassiana和Claviceps purpurea的mat1-1-1基因中α-结构域相应核苷酸序列同源性分别为61%、63%和68%;根据mat1-1-1和mat1-2-1部分基因序列设计特异性引物,并使用PCR方法检测了来源于3个异源子座的240个子囊孢子单孢菌株和50个田间菌株的交配型基因,结果显示稻曲菌mat1-1-1和mat1-2-1基因分别存在于不同菌株中;将具有相同或不同交配型基因的菌株配对接种,发现菌核通常产生在mat1-1-1和mat1-2-1基因型菌株配对接种产生的稻曲球上,其中大部分菌核可萌发产生子座,而菌株单独接种或具有相同交配型基因的菌株配对接种水稻后多数不能形成菌核;根据以上结果初步推断稻曲菌为异宗配合真菌。     

多元分析在春小麦杂交亲本选配方面的应用

本试验应用多元分析方法，以北方春小麦区３５份品种（系）为材料，对杂交亲本作了综合评价。研究结果表明：①第一主成分为穗部性状因子；②根据主顾分值筛选杂交亲本的结果同田间观察的结果一致；③选配杂交组合应在类群间进行。     

Assessing sexual maturity of feminized Japanese eel Anguilla japonica by measuring eye size

For efficient production of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica eggs, knowledge of the status of the sexual maturity of potential broodstock females is important because this status directly influences the time required to produce mature eggs by successive hormone doses. Here we apply an eye index (relative eye size) to evaluate the gonadal status of feminized A. japonica, which were induced by administration of estradiol-17β. Examination of gonad somatic and eye indexes of 267 feminized eels, cultivated for 12–56 months, revealed a significant correlation between these two indexes. Artificial maturation of 35 feminized eels showed that the number of hormone injections administered before ovulation was significantly lower as the eye index score increased, indicating availability of this noninvasive method of predicting sexual maturity of feminized eel. There was no correlation between eye index and fertilization rate, hatching rate, or larval survival rate, suggesting that sexual maturity before hormonal treatment does not affect egg quality.     

鼠尾藻有性繁殖和幼孢子体发育的形态学观察

野外跟踪观测烟台芦洋湾地区鼠尾藻的成熟繁殖状况,采集临近成熟的鼠尾藻至实验室培养,跟踪观测其卵子的排放、卵子和受精卵的发育、假根的生长以及幼孢子体的前期发育。试验结果表明,本地区鼠尾藻繁殖期集中在6—8月,鼠尾藻的卵子发育属8核1卵型,卵子受精后约20 h开始脱离生殖托,受精卵先连续进行2次的横分裂,而后再由一端的1个细胞发育成假根,另外2个发育成体细胞。幼孢子体在约2 mm时开始形成分枝突起。     

Haemolymph metabolic variables in relation to eyestalk ablation and gonad development of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone

The present study analyses some biochemical variables in haemolymph proposed as predictive indicators of the maturation capability following eyestalk ablation. Haemolymph of captive females was obtained before and 8 days after eyestalk ablation, and levels of haemocyanin, total proteins, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triacylglycerides and vitellogenin were determined. Biochemical variables were also analysed in the hepatopancreas at the end of the experiment. Females were grouped as immature (previtellogenic stage) and mature (vitellogenic and cortical stages) based on histological analysis done 8 days after eyestalk ablation. To analyse haemolymph variables before eyestalk ablation in relation to maturation capability, immature females were classified as those with a low maturation capability and mature females as those with a high maturation capability. Females of high maturation capability had significantly higher vitellogenin levels before eyestalk ablation than females of low maturation capability. No significant differences were found for the other biochemical variables. Vitellogenin was also higher in mature than in immature females at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that vitellogenin levels in haemolymph could be used as possible predictive criteria of maturation capability, possibly because they reflect the degree of ovarian development at the time of eyestalk ablation.     

羔羊期和性成熟期奶山羊下丘脑中催产素的表达

采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法(SP法),检测羔羊期和性成熟期雌性奶山羊下丘脑中催产素表达的变化规律.结果显示,催产素免疫反应阳性神经元在羔羊和性成熟羊的视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团均有分布,在羔羊的室周核、视前内侧核等核团广泛分布,但在性成熟羊的这些核团却未见分布.在视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团的催产素免疫阳性神经元数量,性成熟羊显著高于羔羊(P＜0.01);这些核团中催产素免疫阳性产物的平均灰度值,羔羊显著低于性成熟羊(P＜0.01),在其他核团则羔羊高于性成熟羊,且大部分差异明显(P＜0.01).结果提示,性成熟羊下丘脑中除室周核、视前内侧核等核团外,室旁核、视上核、乳头体内侧核、乳头体后核等核团,催产素的表达高于羔羊,说明这些核团对生殖系统的发育成熟可能有重要作用.