半滑舌鳎血液指标分析

以20尾半滑舌鳎为材料,测定了红细胞教、白细胞总教、血红蛋白值、白细胞分类计数、红细胞脆性与红细胞及其核大小等正常血液指标,并统计了性别与血液指标的关系,结果如下：红细胞数为（207.88±56.25）×10^4个／mm^3;白细胞数为（9.39±5.54）×10^4个／mm^3;红细胞脆性（0.25±0.02）／g％;血红蛋白含量为（12.36±0.10）g／100mL;白细胞分类记教中单核细胞占1.51‰,中性粒细胞占（98.85±2.51）％,而淋巴细胞、嗜碱性白细胞以及嗜酸性白细胞观测到的数目很少;红细胞大小（长径×短径）为：（7.524±0.58）μm×（6.29±0.72）μm,红细胞核大小（长径×短径）为：（3.14±O.68）μm×（2.54±0.59）μm。红细胞长径、红细胞核长径、短径在雌、雄中有极显著差异,红细胞短径在雌、雄性别中有显著差异,其他的血液指标在雌、雄中则无显著差异。     

Milk production,plasma metabolite profiles and mammary arterial‐venous differences of milk precursors in early lactation cows milked at different frequencies by an automatic milking system

The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of different milking frequencies under an automatic milking system (AMS) on milk yield, plasma metabolite profiles and mammary arterial‐venous (A‐V) differences of milk precursors by mammary tissues in early lactation cows. Twelve Holstein cows were divided into two and four times milking frequency treatments by AMS after calving to 50 days postpartum. Cows were given a partial mixed ration ad libitum and a concentrate diet at every milking. Dry matter intake increased similarly in both treatments with advancing postpartum days. Milk yield was greater (P < 0.001) by 25% with four times milking, but milk composition was not affected by milking frequency. Body weight change was also not affected by milking frequency. Arterial concentrations of glucose and glutamate were lower (P < 0.05) for four times milking frequency. However, arterial concentration of nonesterified fatty acids did not differ between treatments. Although mammary A‐V differences of plasma concentration for most milk precursors did not differ between treatments, estimated plasma flow was higher (P < 0.05) for four times milking frequency. These results indicate that higher milking frequency may increase mammary uptake of milk precursors, whereas may not affect the extent of fat mobilization of early lactating cows from day 20 postpartum onward.     

Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

A potent and heat-stable tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been found to accumulate in various marine bivalve species, including Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), raising a food safety concern. While several studies on geographical occurrence of TTX have been conducted, there is a lack of knowledge about the distribution of the toxin within and between bivalves. We, therefore, measured TTX in the whole flesh, mantle, gills, labial palps, digestive gland, adductor muscle and intravalvular fluid of C. gigas using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weekly monitoring during summer months revealed the highest TTX concentrations in the digestive gland (up to 242 µg/kg), significantly higher than in other oyster tissues. Intra-population variability of TTX, measured in the whole flesh of each of twenty animals, reached 46% and 32% in the two separate batches, respectively. In addition, an inter-population study was conducted to compare TTX levels at four locations within the oyster production area. TTX concentrations in the whole flesh varied significantly between some of these locations, which was unexplained by the differences in weight of flesh. This is the first study examining TTX distribution in C. gigas and the first confirmation of the preferential accumulation of TTX in oyster digestive gland.     

Properties of the feline tumour suppressor reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC/Dkk‐3)

Reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC/Dkk‐3), a member of the human Dickkopf (Dkk) family, is a growth suppressor in human and canine mammary tumours. Mammary gland tumours are common neoplasms with high malignancy in female cats. The purpose of this study was to clone the feline REIC/Dkk‐3 homolog, investigate its expression in cell lines established from feline mammary gland tumours, and test its tumour suppressor function. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of the REIC/Dkk‐3 protein was reduced in feline mammary carcinoma cell lines. Forced expression of REIC/Dkk‐3 induced apoptosis in feline mammary tumour cell lines. These results demonstrate that REIC/Dkk‐3 expression, which is downregulated in feline mammary tumour cell lines, results in the induction of apoptosis in these cells. Our findings suggest that feline REIC/Dkk‐3 represents a potential molecular target for the development of therapies against feline mammary cancers.     

用牛αS1-酪蛋白基因构建乳腺生物反应器表达载体的研究

牛αS1-酪蛋白基因是制备乳腺生物反应器常用的表达载体,可以指导外源基因在动物乳腺中高水平表达。对牛αS1-酪蛋白基因的结构、表达载体的各种调控元件及其研究应用进展等方面作一综述。     

播期和边缘效应对波棱瓜性别分化及产量的影响

通过对比试验,研究了不同播期处理以及株行边缘效应对波棱瓜植株雌株率、产量的影响,以期为波棱瓜的高效人工驯化栽培提供实践依据和技术指导.结果表明,与正常5月7日播种相比,延后播期至6月20日,可以极显著地提高田间波棱瓜植株的雌株率和产量(P＜0.01);边缘效应对不同播期处理下株行两端的波棱瓜雌株率的影响十分明显,5月7...     

转基因动物乳腺生物反应器研究进展

文章综述了转基因动物乳腺生物反应器的原理、应用、优点、存在问题及国内外研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了小结及展望。     

转基因动物乳腺反应器与生物制药

生物医药将成为21世纪的主导行业，并将改变我们的医疗结构。转基因动物乳腺反应器作为新型的动物制药厂，具有很多优势，可以生产许多具有临床价值的珍贵药物，它可以解决规模化生产，成本低，经济周期短，具有十分诱人的前景，一个新兴的转基因动物药业已开始崛起。     

The effect of feed supply rate on growth of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis)

This study investigates the effect of the feed supply rate within a meal on growth of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis). Groups of PIT-tagged, feed-trained juvenile perch (12 g) were held in 100-L tanks at 18 °C, under a 24L:0D photoperiod and fed five meals per day in excess. Feed was applied at rates of 1.2 (Low), 4.2 (Medium) and 14.3 (High) pellets fish⁻¹ min⁻¹ during two periods, each of 50 days. Cumulative meal-time per day ranged from 10 to 225 min. Specific growth rates (SGR) in the two periods were positively correlated, indicating a consistent individual growth performance. There was growth dimorphism between the sexes. Females grew about 20% faster than males, resulting in final mean weights of ≈ 87 and 58 g respectively. Autopsy revealed differences in sex ratios between treatments and the effect of feeding rate was analysed according to sex. There was a tendency for fish fed at the lowest rate to have a higher SGR than fish in other treatments, both for females (L = 1.98 ± 0.0, M = 1.84 ± 0.08, H = 1.88 ± 0.19% bw day⁻¹) and males (L = 1.68 ± 0.01, M = 1.55 ± 0.16, H = 1.57 ± 0.02% bw day⁻¹). Fish fed at the lowest rate also tended to have the lowest feed conversion ratio (L = 0.88 ± 0.05, M = 1.02 ± 0.11, H = 1.04 ± 0.10) but the effects were not significant. These results suggest that juvenile perch can feed efficiently under a range of conditions.     

Expression of estrogen receptor 1 and progesterone receptor in primary goat mammary epithelial cells

The exact role and sensitivity of cells to estrogen and progesterone mediated through the steroid receptors during lactation is not known. Expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) was quantified in mammary tissue‐derived primary goat mammary epithelial cells (pgMECs) to determine the influence of donor tissue physiology (lactating and juvenile) and cell culture growth conditions (basal and lactogenic) on ESR1 and PGR expression in the derived cells. Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for both receptors were the highest in cell lines derived from mammary tissue of juvenile goats. Maintaining pgMECs in lactogenic conditions resulted in up‐regulation of ESR1 (1.36‐ to 12.35‐fold) and in down‐regulation of PGR (‐2.53‐ to ‐3.62‐fold), compared to basal conditions. Based on Western blotting analysis we suggest that the differences in mRNA expression are translated to the protein level. We suggest that differential expression in lactating conditions is correlated with terminal differentiation of the pgMECs. Double immunostainings showed that estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) positive cells do not exclusively belong to the luminal lineage and that ER‐α and PGR can be expressed individually or co‐expressed in the pgMECs. The derived primary cultures/lines in early passages are hormone‐responsive and represent a useful surrogate for mammary tissue in research experiments.