勘察设计企业薪酬管理的现状及对策研究

文章将根据目前勘察设计企业薪酬管理中存在的问题,探究勘察设计企业薪酬管理的改革对策。     

Performance of skin tests with allergens from B. melitensis B115 and rough B. abortus mutants for diagnosing swine brucellosis

Swine brucellosis by Brucella suis biovar 2 is an emerging disease whose control is based on serological testing and culling. However, current serological tests detect antibodies to the O-polysaccharide (O/PS) moiety of Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), and thus lack specificity when infections by Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and other gram-negative bacteria carrying cross-reacting O/PS occur. The skin test with the protein-rich brucellin extract obtained from rough B. melitensis B115 is assumed to be specific for discriminating these false positive serological reactions (FPSR). However, B115 strain, although unable to synthesize S-LPS, accumulates O/PS internally, which could cause diagnostic problems. Since the brucellin skin test has been seldom used in pigs and FPSR are common in these animals, we assessed its performance using cytosoluble protein extracts obtained from B. abortus rough mutants in manBcore or per genes (critical for O/PS biosynthesis) and B. melitensis B115. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined in B. suis biovar 2 culture positive and brucellosis free sows, and apparent prevalence in sows of unknown individual bacteriological and serological status belonging to B. suis biovar 2 naturally infected herds. Moreover, the specificity in discriminating brucellosis from FPSR was assessed in brucellosis free boars showing FPSR. The skin test with B. abortus ΔmanBcore and B. melitensis B115 allergens performed similarly, and the former one resulted in 100% specificity when testing animals showing FPSR in indirect ELISA, Rose Bengal and complement fixation serological tests. We conclude that O/PS-free genetically defined mutants represent an appropriate alternative to obtain Brucella protein extracts for diagnosing swine brucellosis.     

我国现代土壤科学的起源——纪念前地质调查所土壤研究室成立80周年

本文追朔了我国现代土壤科学的起源。从1930年地质调查所土壤研究室成立到1953年中国科学院南京土壤研究所建立的20多年时间里,我国第一代土壤学家艰苦创业,取得了显著成绩。文章从我国现代土壤科学起源的背景,成立经过,主要业绩,干部培养和学风5个方面来阐述。80年前成立的土壤研究室给后人留下了一笔宝贵遗产,应该珍惜。     

硕士研究生学习幸福感调查——以沈阳地区某高校为例

调查沈阳地区某高校硕士研究生学习幸福感的现状并分析其影响原因。在对《硕士研究生学习生活主观幸福感测量问卷》的效度、信度确认之后,利用其对该校各研究生培养单位随机抽取的239名硕士研究生进行问卷调查。得出该校硕士研究生总体学习幸福感略高于平均水平,性别、工作经历以及年级因素对学习幸福感及其各维度产生了不同的影响。因此该校需要在保持总体幸福感水平的同时,在学校管理和学业压力两方面逐步改善研究生学习幸福感低于平均水平的状况。     

Death losses due to stillbirth, neonatal death and diseases in cloned cattle derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer and their progeny: a result of nationwide survey in Japan

To obtain the data concerning death losses due to stillbirth, neonatal death and diseases in cloned cattle derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and their progeny produced by Japanese institutions, a nationwide survey was carried out in July-August, 2006. As a result, lifetime data concerning 482 SCNT cattle (97.5% of cattle produced in the country at that time) and 202 progeny of SCNT cattle were accumulated and the death loss of these cattle was analyzed. Although 1/3 of delivered SCNT calves died during the perinatal period due to stillbirth and neonatal death, incidence of death loss due to diseases in SCNT cattle surviving more than 200 days after birth seems to be the same as these in conventionally bred cattle. In contrast, progeny of SCNT cattle showed the same level in death loss as observed in conventionally bred cattle throughout their lifetime. These results suggest that robust health would be expected in SCNT cattle surviving to adulthood and their progeny.     

Using fisheries-independent survey data to reinforce China’s data-limited fisheries management: Management strategy evaluation of survey-based management procedures

Fisheries-independent survey data are vital to stock assessment and management because they provide reliable information on stock status. Although survey data have been increasingly recognised for their contributions to fisheries management, they have often not been adequately used to provide quantitative management recommendations for China's fisheries that are subject to limited data. In the present study, a framework was proposed to integrate two types of survey-based management procedures (MPs) into China's fisheries management: the slope-based MP and the target-based MP. Specifically, the former generates fishing effort limits based on the trend in recent years’ abundance index, while the latter sets effort limits based on a static abundance index target. To test the performance of these MPs, management strategy evaluation was performed using a simulated fishery based on the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker) in Haizhou Bay, China. The sensitivity of MPs was investigated under different algorithm parameterisations and historical exploitation levels. Additionally, their robustness was evaluated in the face of survey uncertainty and changes in recruitment success. Both MPs could effectively improve the stock status compared with the status quo management when appropriately parameterised regardless of exploitation history. The target-based MP was more robust to survey uncertainty than the slope-based MP. Non-stationary changes in recruitment success strongly impaired the management effects, while using recruitment-specific instead of the age-aggregated abundance index could slightly enhance their performance. This work indicates that survey-based MPs can address the current challenges in China's fisheries management and reinforce the status quo management practice with limited data and highlights the potential risks.     

Subpolar gyre and temperature drive boreal fish abundance in Greenland waters

As result of ocean warming, marine boreal species have shifted their distribution poleward, with increases in abundance at higher latitudes, and declines in abundance at lower latitudes. A key to predict future changes in fish communities is to understand how fish stocks respond to climate variability. Scattered field observations in the first half of the 20th century suggested that boreal fish may coherently invade Greenland waters when temperatures rise, but this hypothesis has remained untested. Therefore, we studied how local temperature variability and the dynamics of the subpolar gyre, a large‐scale driver of oceanic conditions in the North Atlantic, affect abundance of boreal fishes in a region that sharply defines their lower thermal boundary. We analysed information from demersal trawl surveys from 1981 to 2017, for species distributed from shallow shelf to depths of 1,500 m, collected at over 10,000 stations along ~3,000 km of Greenland. Our results show that local temperature and variability of Labrador and Irminger Sea water in the subpolar gyre region drive interdecadal variability of boreal fish abundance in Greenland waters. Although temperature fluctuations were higher in shallow than deep regions, fish abundance changed as quickly in great depths as in shallow depths. This link between physics and biology provides an opportunity for prediction of future trends, which is of utility in Greenland, where fisheries constitute more than 90% of the national export value.     

对2011—2012年榨季陕西部分超市苹果销售情况的调研与思考

苹果是陕西省的农业品牌产业,对陕西地区榨季超市苹果销售情况进行了全面的调查,调查内容包括进货来源、贮藏方式、进货周期、单位进货量、进货品种、影响消费者购买因素、畅销季节、销售价格、剩余苹果处理方式等问题。调研结果显示,红富士是消费首选品种,超市苹果畅销旺季为秋冬2季,影响超市苹果销售因素依次为:价格>颜色>味道>新鲜>品种>大小。通过对调研所显示问题的分析和思考,对各大类型超市在苹果销售方面的发展提出相应的意见和建议,以望提升苹果销售总额,满足消费者需求、促进陕西经济发展。     

县级土地调查数据库更新的内业技术分析

以实际生产第一线的角度,从技术层面上分析了土地利用数据库变更过程中出现的各类问题的原因,提出了解决问题的方法,实现对土地调查数据库准确有效地更新。     

西昌市邛海水污染源调查及防治对策

通过对邛海的实地调查和对近年来邛海水质监测数据的分析,该文对邛海的水污染现状及主要污染源类型、污染情况等进行阐述,并有针对性地提出邛海水污染综合防治的具体措施。