Connect Technique of Laminated Object Manufacturing Using Metallic Materials as Modeling Materials

To solve some key problems existed in the manufacturing of metallic functional part via Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), a new technique using vacuum solid-state pressure diffusion weld technique to connect the metallic slice sheets is presented in this paper. The following conclusions can be draw from the experiments introduced specially: the size in the stack direction shrink at the rate of less than 1% and the shrinking is owed to regularly error, the atom-diffusion between two combined interface occurred clearly and new crystallites shaped meanwhile, shearing intension of well connected diffusion section is more than 100 MPa and micro hardness of well-knit portion is the same to matrix's. It can be proved from the result above that the vacuum solid-state pressure diffusion technique weld is a perfect technique for connecting metallic slice sheets used in the manufacturing of metallic functional part via LOM.     

Study on the Sand Duct Pressure and Energy Dissipation for Tongkou Hydro Power Station

Tongkou power station is an all-round hydro project,where the mixed exploitation mode is adopted with mainly for power generation.Integrated with the model test result,the duct discharge capacity and flow coefficient in various discharge hole are discussed,the influence of duct shape on inlet pressure,energy dissipation and tail water is analyzed,the improvement measures on conveyer way pressure and energy dissipation are put forward too.The achievements of this study have been adopted by the designers.     

增压溶样—ICP—AES法同时测定茶叶中多种微量元素含量的研究

研究了增压溶样-ICP-AES法同时测定茶叶中Al,As,Ba,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se和Zn等12种矿质营养元素及重金属元素,确定仪器最佳工作参数,并对基体干扰及共存元素的光谱干扰等进行了探讨。方法准确度、精密度符合痕量分析要求;灵敏度适合进行茶叶分析。     

基于空间信息技术的县域生态环境监测与评价

[目的]探究生态环境监测数据精准获取方法,构建生态环境质量评价指标体系,为生态环境精准保护提供科学依据。[方法]基于多源遥感影像数据,利用InVEST模型、裸土植被指数模型、综合指数法等多种模型与方法,从生态系统质量、生态系统服务、生境压力和环境质量4项一级指标及植被覆盖度、固碳能力、道路压力指数、霾指数等14项二级指标分析河北省阜平县生态环境质量。[结果](1)生态系统质量一般和较差区分布最广,集中在东部水库区和西部中山、低山区。(2)生态系统服务较差区面积最大,主要分布在县中部和东部。(3)生境压力较差区比例最高,以未利用地为主。(4)环境质量为良的区域在全域均有大面积分布。(5)阜平县生态环境质量整体较好,一般区广泛分布,占总面积的77.04%,主要为耕地、草地和未利用地。[结论]基于空间信息技术与多源遥感数据的生态环境监测与评价方法可以快速、有效地反映县域生态环境质量。     

Controls on latent heat flux and energy partitioning at a peat bog in eastern Canada

Surface and atmospheric controls on latent heat flux (Q_E) and energy partitioning were assessed during three growing seasons at the Mer Bleue peat bog. The surface consisted of a sparse canopy (maximum leaf area index 1.3) of low, mostly evergreen shrubs over moss-covered hummocks and hollows. Available energy was partitioned mostly to Q_E (Bowen ratio often less than 0.5) throughout the growing seasons over an extensive range of water table fluctuation (as much as 50 cm). Q_E was often at or below the equilibrium rate due to surface (low moss water content, strong vascular stomatal control) and/or atmospheric (low vapour pressure deficit (D_a)) factors. Turbulent energy fluxes varied with net radiation and the magnitude of the fluctuations were affected by D_a and moss water content. It is suggested that a change in source partitioning for Q_E led to a change in Q_E − D_a dynamics. Early in the growing season the moss was wet and the vascular canopy was replacing leaves, thus Q_E increased as D_a increased because moss, which reacts passively to D_a, contributed strongly to Q_E. Later in the growing season as water table declined and the evaporation load reduced moss and fibric peat water contents, moss contributed less strongly to Q_E and vascular contribution became more important. Also, stomatal control became more influential in reducing bulk surface conductance for water vapour and Q_E in response to increasing D_a.     

稀释液溶质和渗透压对鸡精液低温保存效果的影响

观察15种物质不同渗透压（300mOsm、400mOsm、500mOsm）对鸡精子低温保存的精子活力、生存指数、存活时间和30h精子畸形率的影响。结果表明,对鸡精子低温保存生存指数大于50的物质由高到低依次为果糖、甘露醇、谷氨酸钠、山梨醇和氯化钾;精子总存活时间大于120h的物质由高到低依次是果糖、甘露醇、谷氨酸钠、山梨醇、氯化钾、磷檬酸钠和乙酸钾;30h精子畸形率小于0．2的物质由低到高依次为L-谷氨酸钠、甘露醇、蔗糖、乳糖。渗透压分析结果表明,各指标均随渗透压升高而降低。在300mOsm时,30h精子畸形率、精子生存指数和存活时间均极显著高。     

Calculation and Analysis of Basic Wind Pressure Value Based on Gumbel Distribution

In order to find out the current basic wind pressure in China, the parameters were estimated based on Gumbel distribution by statistically analyzing the annual maximum values of wind speed of 159 typical cities in China between 1951 and 2008. The basic wind pressure values for 10-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods were calculated based on moment method and Gumbel method, respectively. The distribution function was tested by the Kolmogorov criterion. Finally, the calculation results were compared with those in current design codes and the results of the correlative literature. The results show that basic wind pressure values worked out by Gumbel method are better than those by moment method in most cases when the statistic of the annual maximum values of wind speed is conducted and analyzed by Gumbel distribution. There are significant differences between the basic wind pressure values for 10-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods in Loading Code for Design of Building Structures and the results calculated with the annual maximum values of wind speed in recent decades, which shows that the sample data in Loading Code for Design of Building Structures are relatively insufficient and cannot reflect the present true condition in China. Therefore, basic wind pressure value should be revised accordingly.     

中国东北粮食安全评价及政策模拟

系统评价东北地区粮食生产能力,阐释其作为粮食主产区对国家粮食安全的保障能力。通过对粮食供给、结构以及耕地压力的研究,得出结论东北地区保障国家粮食安全能力增强且增产潜力较大,但基于消费结构视角,粮食种植结构面临调整压力;近25年来最小人均耕地面积与耕地压力指数均下降1/2,现有单产水平下的耕地资源能够对国家粮食安全提供有效保障。此外,基于粮食生产能力评价角度选取相应情景,应用系统动力学模型模拟2010-2030年粮食产出状况,根据模拟结果,提出粮食总量安全与结构安全的相关建议。     

中国畜牧业资源环境承载压力时空特征分析

中国畜牧业发展正面临资源环境的双重约束,本文选取土壤环境承载压力、水环境承载压力、饲料粮自给压力和饲草自给压力4项指标,测算了1990-2010年中国及2010年国内各地区畜牧业资源环境承载压力,研究表明:21年间中国畜牧业资源环境承载压力总体上呈现出"逐年上升-平稳回落"的两阶段特征,水环境超载成为中国及各地区畜牧业发展面临的首要环境约束,土壤环境超载次之;饲草自给不足成为制约中国及各地区畜牧业发展的首要资源约束;饲料粮虽能自给,但从全国范围看已接近自给上限,农区省份尤为明显。最后,立足研究结论提出了强化环境监管、推动畜禽粪便还田、加强保护草原以及发展节粮型畜牧业等建议。     

氧气含量对竹材炭化特性的影响

竹材炭化过程中,炭化温度和炭化时间是两个十分重要的工艺参数,同时炉内的氧气含量对竹材炭化也会产生较大影响。通过传感器实时测定并控制炉内氧分压,研究炉内氧含量对竹材炭化的影响。结果表明,随着炉内氧分压增加,得炭率下降。用电子显微镜和能谱仪分析观察竹炭的微观结构和残留物成份,揭示竹炭蜂窝状的微观结构;随着炉内氧分压增加,竹炭孔径变大,表明炭化过程中氧含量影响竹材炭化过程中细胞的收缩。