Evaluation of indirect blood pressure monitoring in awake and anesthetized red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis): effects of cuff size, cuff placement, and monitoring equipment

ObjectiveTo compare Doppler and oscillometric methods of indirect arterial blood pressure (IBP) with direct arterial measurements in anesthetized and awake red-tailed hawks.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded study.AnimalsSix, sex unknown, adult red-tailed hawks.MethodsBirds were anesthetized and IBP measurements were obtained by oscillometry (IBP-O) and Doppler (IBP-D) on the pectoral and pelvic limbs using three cuffs of different width based on limb circumference: cuff 1 (20–30% of circumference), cuff 2 (30–40%), and cuff 3 (40–50%). Direct arterial pressure measurements were obtained from the contralateral superficial ulnar artery. Indirect blood pressure measurements were compared to direct systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during normotension and induced states of hypotension and hypertension. Measurements were also obtained in awake, restrained birds. Three-way anova, linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses were used to evaluate the IBP-D data. Results are reported as mean bias (95% confidence intervals).ResultsThe IBP-O monitor reported errors during 54% of the measurements. Indirect blood pressure Doppler measurements were most accurate with cuff 3 and were comparable to MAP with a bias of 2 (?9, 13 mmHg). However, this cuff consistently underestimated SAP with a bias of 33 (19, 48 mmHg). Variability in the readings within and among birds was high. There was no significant difference between sites of cuff placement. Awake birds had SAP, MAP and diastolic arterial pressure that were 56, 43, and 38 mmHg higher than anesthetized birds.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIndirect blood pressure (oscillometric) measurements were unreliable in red-tailed hawks. Indirect blood pressure (Doppler) measurements were closer to MAP measurements than SAP measurements. There was slightly better agreement with the use of cuff 3 on either the pectoral or pelvic limbs. Awake, restrained birds have significantly higher arterial pressures than those under sevoflurane anesthesia.     

Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs

Objective  To investigate the effects of a low-dose constant rate infusion (LCRI; 50 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) and high-dose CRI (HCRI; 200 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) lidocaine on arterial blood pressure and on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (Sevo), in dogs.
Study design  Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals  Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods  Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg⁻¹ saline loading dose or lidocaine (2 mg kg⁻¹ intravenously) was administered over 3 minutes, followed by saline CRI or lidocaine LCRI or HCRI. The sevoflurane MAC was determined using a tail clamp. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and plasma concentration of lidocaine were measured. All values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Results  The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL⁻¹ for HCRI. Seventy-five percent of HCRI dogs vomited during recovery.
Conclusion and clinical relevance  Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI.     

多功能清雪车单泵多马达液压系统功率分配分析

为研究多功能清雪车单泵多马达液压系统在使用流量分配器和液压变压器条件下的功率分配特性,在理论分析并建立齿轮流量分配器分流排量方程和液压变压器压力控制方程的基础上,运用液压数值分析软件AMESIM对多功能清雪车液压系统的功率分配进行了数值分析,数值分析曲线直观地显示了各马达的流量、压力、转速和转矩特征。对比数值分析结果与实测参数值,二者最大相对误差绝对值小于15.5%,且得到了多功能清雪车单泵多马达液压系统功率分配的特征值;流量分配器和液压变压器能够实现单泵多马达液压系统功率分配和有效避免功率干涉;分配功率存在负向偏移性,最大负向偏差比为-12.5%。流量分配器和液压变压器可有效地解决液压系统的功率分配和负载功率干涉问题。     

超高压杀灭低酸性食品中耐压菌的动力学模型

为了描述超高压杀菌过程和预测杀菌效果,该文建立了超高压对低酸性食品中4种耐压菌及其芽孢的杀菌动力学模型。首先在300～500 MPa的超高压条件下获得了枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌和致黑梭状芽孢杆菌的芽孢致死曲线。选取线性模型和Weibull模型来拟合超高压杀菌的动力学过程,以精确因子、均方差和决定系数R2作为模型拟合度优劣的评判指标。数据分析结果表明,Weibull模型在300～500 MPa具有很好的拟合性（R2＞0.9）,线性模型的拟合效果不佳（R2＜0.83）。所得Weibull方程可有效预测特定压力-时间组合下的灭菌效果,可用于指导超高压灭菌的实际生产。     

变温压差膨化法制备冷泡茶的工艺优化

为优化变温压差膨化法制备冷泡茶的工艺,研究了含水率、冷冻处理次数和膨化温度对冷泡茶水浸出物的影响。通过单因素和正交试验优化了冷泡茶的加工工艺。正交试验结果表明,影响冷泡茶水浸出物的因素按影响程度大小排序从高到低依次为含水率、冷冻次数、膨化温度。冷泡茶制备的优化工艺为：茶叶含水率50%,-18℃下冷冻处理3次,每次24 h,膨化温度115℃。在此最优条件下制备的冷泡茶,经室温下冷水浸泡30 min后,冷泡茶茶汤的主要生化成分：水浸出物质量分数、咖啡碱质量分数、茶多酚质量分数、游离氨基酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数分别为16.45%、0.84%、11.45%、0.93%、2.47%。结果表明应用变温压差膨化法制备的冷泡茶的生化成分在室温下更易浸出,该研究为冷泡茶工业化生产提供技术支持。     

腌制剂对脉动压腌制咸鸡蛋的影响

为丰富咸蛋品种,改善咸蛋风味,提高咸蛋的腌制速率,应用脉动压技术,以鸡蛋为原料,选取白酒、香辛料、柠檬酸为影响因素,通过单因素及正交试验,考察咸蛋腌制中蛋质量增加率、蛋清含盐率和蛋黄含盐率的变化,对腌制禽蛋工艺进行优化。结果表明：白酒和柠檬酸对盐分渗入有促进作用,而香辛料则阻碍了盐分的渗入,影响咸蛋综合评分的因素从高到低依次为香辛料、白酒、柠檬酸,且香辛料对咸蛋综合评分的影响显著,柠檬酸对蛋清含盐率的影响显著。在高压幅值140 kPa、脉动比2.5 min/5min饱和食盐溶液中腌制96 h,风味咸蛋腌制     

不同氮素形态下小麦叶片光合气体交换参数对蒸汽压亏缺的反应

利用溶液培养试验,研究了不同氮素形态下小麦叶片光合气体交换参数对蒸汽压亏缺(VPD)的反应,以揭示不同氮素形态影响水分利用效率(WUE)的生理机制。结果表明:铵态氮处理显著降低了小麦的叶面积和根长,提高了小麦的瞬时和长期水分利用效率。不同氮素形态下,叶片光合气体交换参数对蒸汽压亏缺的反应不同。随VPD增加,硝态氮处理的净光合速率无变化,但铵态氮和硝酸铵处理的净光合速率则明显下降。所有处理的叶片气孔导度均随VPD增加而下降,其中硝态氮和硝酸铵处理的下降幅度明显高于铵态氮处理。硝态氮和硝酸铵处理的细胞间隙CO2浓度也随VPD增加而下降,但铵态氮处理未发生变化。所有氮处理的蒸腾速率均随VPD增加呈现出二次抛物线变化,叶水势并未随VPD增加发生变化,表明气孔对VPD的反应符合前馈机制。3个处理的瞬时WUE均随VPD增加而下降,高VPD下铵态氮引起小麦叶片气孔的关闭是其WUE提高的重要原因之一。     

重离子诱变选育聚β-羟基丁酸酯高产菌株研究

聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)作为一种新型的生物可降解高分子材料,日益受到人们的广泛重视。利用12C6+离子束对一株聚β-羟基丁酸酯（PHB）产生菌--芽孢杆菌Z-3进行诱变,然后进行筛选,从大量突变株中最终选育出一株PHB高产菌株A11,其PHB产量达到1.404 g/L,是出发菌株的1.33倍。研究结果揭示,重离子诱变育种技术具有良好的诱变效果,是一种有效的微生物诱变育种方法和途径。     

低压管道输水在农田灌溉中的应用

低压管道输水是当前农田灌溉中的重要应用技术,就低压管道输水系统构建,建设原则以及建设管理注意事项进行重点阐述.     

长输天然气管道在地形起伏山区地段的清管

长输天然气管道在地形起伏山区地段清管时,必须考虑高程差引起的重力位能变化对水力计算的影响,以及管道中积水注静压阻力对清管器运行速度的影响。依据长输天然气管道清管作业规程SY/T6383-1999,结合榆济管道汾阳-武乡段清管作业实际,针对5次清管作业清管器的运行速度和运行区间的压差进行统计分析,总结了管道积水静压阻力、地形起伏山区诱发段塞流和强烈段塞流对清管作业的影响。通过建立数学模型,简化了积水静压阻力计算公式,建立了分段积水注长度和高程差与积水静压阻力的函数关系式。指出了长输天然气管道在不停输状态下利用清管器对大口径、高压力的北方山区管道进行清管作业的注意事项。