肉桂醛催化选择加氢制氢化肉桂醛

采用煤质活性炭作载体,分别用HNO3、H2O2和(NH4)2S2O8进行预处理,然后用浸渍法负载PdCl2,在H2流中还原得到Pd/C催化剂,用于肉桂醛(CAL)选择加氢制氢化肉桂醛(HCAL)的反应。考查了Pd负载量,反应温度和压力对加氢反应的影响,优化了反应条件。进一步考查了助剂Fe、Co、Ni[1]对反应的影响。最终,CAL转化率为98%,HCAL选择性为88%。     

Effects Of Thinning In a Water-Limited Holm Oak Forest

ABSTRACT

A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.     

灵芝适生树种

本文列举了７７种灵芝适生树种，分属２０科４２属，其中常用树种主要属于壳斗科、杜英科、金缕梅科；段木栽培效果比较理想的树种是福建山樱花（野樱），并介绍了芝树的选伐及段木的熟化处理。     

柑橘类植物精油的抗菌活性及其作用机制

柑橘类植物精油(CEOs)是从柑橘类植物中提取的芳香类混合物,其主要活性成分为D-柠檬烯(D?limonene),具有广泛的生物活性,包括抗菌、抗氧化和抗炎等.CEOs具有选择性抗菌活性,在动物生产中具有非常重要的应用价值.不同的CEOs具有不同的抗菌活性,研究其抗菌机制也具有非常重要的意义.本文着重介绍了CEOs的化...     

闽东北外海渔场中上层鱼类探捕调查研究

为了减轻福建近海的捕捞压力，打破灯光围网作业生产的被动局面，解决闽南－台湾浅滩渔场在春夏汛灯围淡季作业问题，于１９８９￣１９９１年５￣９月，对该渔场的中上层鱼类进行生产性探捕。在专业生产调查中，从统计的渔获量和其它方面，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益，这期间表明：闽东北外海渔场中上层鱼类有开发利用价值，不仅为福建灯光围网作业开创一条新路，而且为今后重点开发该渔场提供科学依据。     

Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) populations and human influences on habitat on the River Chambal,India

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Developing co-management in an artisanal gill net fishery of a deep hydro-electric reservoir in Sri Lanka

Abstract Victoria, is a recently (1984) impounded, deep, hydro-electric reservoir in Sri Lanka with an established commercial fishery. Participatory appraisal of the fishing community revealed decreasing reliance on fishing income with many fishermen moving away to supplementary occupations because of declining fish catches. Illegal fishing and theft of fishing gear resulting from open access, difficulties encountered in enforcing fisheries regulations and the need for fishermen to find alternative sources of income during low water levels are the major management problems. The top–down centralized management approach previously practised was ineffective in addressing any of these issues. Therefore, the possibilities and limitations for introducing co-management as an alternative management strategy were discussed. Financial hardship coupled with perceived benefits through state sponsored welfare schemes caused a positive attitude change among fishermen, making them respond favourably to fishery management. Establishing a licensing system for controlled access, ensuring greater user-group participation through equitable distribution of state sponsored benefits among members, attempting to enforce penalties for illegal fishing linked with surprise checks to enforce management regulations, and obtaining stakeholder perceptions regarding management issues are some of the recent steps taken by the Fishermen's Co-operative Society which would positively contribute towards developing effective co-management in this reservoir.     

Insights into population genetics,connectivity and demographic history of the longnosed skate Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the western Mediterranean Sea

1. Genetic information is crucial for the conservation of Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758), a threatened large skate with declining populations over most of its geographical range. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic structure, connectivity and demographic history of the longnosed skate in Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea).
2. Patterns of population structure were assessed in 175 specimens from six sampling sites. Variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and control region) highlighted high genetic diversity and low but significant genetic differentiation among sites, which clustered into three groups corresponding to the north‐west, north‐east and south Sardinian coasts.
3. The observed genetic structuring could presumably depend on a combination of past geological events, contemporary restrictions to dispersal and biological characteristics of the species (e.g. site‐fidelity, no pelagic larval stage, limited dispersal of juveniles and/or adults).
4. Demographic analyses showed signs of past population expansion, but substantial current stability of Sardinian populations. From a conservation perspective, these results are encouraging, and indicate that Sardinian populations are still large and stable, and seem not to have suffered negative side‐effects from the ever‐growing fishing pressure in the region.
5. The occurrence of genetic structuring strongly supported the close monitoring of populations to identify any erosion of their gene pool, and high genetic variability of the Sardinian D. oxyrinchus populations could thus represent priority populations for conservation purposes, providing potential sources for recolonization in cases of local extinctions in other areas of the distribution range of the species.
6. When the sequences from Sardinia were compared with those available from other areas, the data seem to exclude the possibility that the Atlantic and Mediterranean host totally isolated populations or even different species, as recently suggested. However, additional markers and a larger sampling sites are needed to confirm these findings.

     

山东省小型渔船主要参数的确定

以山东省小型渔船为研究对象，用回归分析方法，求出了小型渔船主要参数间关系，并给出了船长、船宽、吃水、船型系数，设计纵倾的估算公式和取值范围。     

The conservation status of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) reefs in the Bay of Mont‐Saint‐Michel

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