常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱与六斑月瓢虫生物活性及选择毒力

为明确常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱和六斑月瓢虫的选择毒力,提高螺旋粉虱的防治水平,采用浸渍法和药膜法测定了3种常用杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱及六斑月瓢虫的生物活性。结果表明,供试3种杀虫剂均对螺旋粉虱表现出一定的生物活性,其中在对螺旋粉虱成虫的活性中以高氯苯油毒力最高,其LC50值为4.1482 mg/L,对3龄若虫的毒力测定中,辛硫磷活性最高,其LC50值为6.7367 mg/L。对六斑月瓢虫的安全性评价结果表明,辛硫磷表现出较高的选择毒力,其对螺旋粉虱成虫和3龄若虫对天敌六斑月瓢虫成虫的选择性指数分别为12.1869和15.1077。在螺旋粉虱成虫和3龄幼虫盛发期可分别选用高氯苯油和辛硫磷作为防控药剂,但在天敌六斑月瓢虫数量较多时,可选择辛硫磷,以协调螺旋粉虱的化学防治和生物防治。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

草地贪夜蛾寄主选择性及对其生长发育的影响

旨在为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报、科学防控、适生性分析以及风险评估提供参考依据。以盆栽香蕉苗、玉米苗和草地贪夜蛾3~4龄幼虫作为试材,用室内接虫和田间自然感虫的方法,测定了选择压力和非选择压力条件下草地贪夜蛾对香蕉和玉米的危害指数、草地贪夜蛾发育历期、幼虫存活率、蛹体大小及成虫羽化率。在非选择压力条件下草地贪夜蛾主要选择危害玉米,对香蕉‘桂蕉6号’只是试探取食,接虫7天后对玉米和香蕉危害指数分别是89.05、1.58。在选择压力下草地贪夜蛾幼虫接虫3天后开始取食危害香蕉,接虫后3、5、7天危害指数分别为11.74、16.51、24.76,说明香蕉不是草地贪夜蛾适宜的寄主作物。取食香蕉的草地贪夜蛾幼虫生长缓慢、虫体小,3龄幼虫至化蛹历时9~14天,比取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾长2~4天;成虫羽化历时9~14天,比取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾长4~7天;取食香蕉明显影响草地贪夜蛾生长发育,幼虫存活率为20.0%、化蛹率68.1%、蛹体大小1.25×0.35 cm、蛹重0.13 g、成虫羽化率47.8%,明显低于取食玉米寄主的幼虫存活率为86.7%、化蛹率97.4%、蛹体大小1.57×0.5 cm、蛹重0.21 g、成虫羽化率92.0%。草地贪夜蛾在选择压力下会取食危害香蕉,危害程度相对较轻,能完成世代生活史,但生长发育速度也较慢。香蕉不是草地贪夜蛾适宜的寄主植物,但在香蕉上暴发存在一定的风险。     

天然林择伐经营技术的应用研究

按照森林可持续经营的原则，从天然林生态保护角度出发，以福建省永安市为例。利用森林分类经营方法对天然林经营进行科学分类，提出天然林因林因地实行合理的择伐方式是实现天然林可持续发展的有效途径，为天然林择伐经营的具体实施提供科学依据。     

水曲柳性状相关选优方法的探讨

根据30株天然水曲柳解析木资料，运用相关分析原理，对其胸径、树龄、树高之间关系进行了探讨，并利用其回归方程，编制了天然水曲柳胸径、树龄、树高相关表，为石沉大海 曲柳选优找到了简便可靠的方法。     

长白落叶松生长性状早晚相关及早期选择的研究

本文对３０年生９０株人工长白落叶松树干解析生长变异及早期预测进行了研究，结果表明，树高、胸径、材积的变异随着年龄增大而减小，１４～１８龄是生长变异由剧烈分化到趋向稳定的转折年龄，此时树高、胸径、材积等的幼龄至成熟龄相关达极显著水平，选择效率也处在较高水平，确定长白落叶松早期选择年龄为１４年。     

球孢白僵菌分离培养基的筛选及应用

为获得理想的白僵菌分离培养基,以PPDA培养基作为基础培养基,通过观察白僵菌和杂菌在不同抑菌剂和不同抑菌剂浓度的菌落数,筛选出白僵菌生长良好,杂菌被尽可能抑制的培养基配比。结果表明,在PPDA培养基中添加70 mg/L的多果定,125 mg/L头孢霉素和138 mg/L硫酸卡那霉素为最适筛选培养基。用筛选出的培养基检测白僵菌悬乳剂和颗粒剂在田间施药后30天内的含菌量变化,发现在空气中孢子含量,白僵菌悬乳剂比颗粒剂含量更持久,证明本研究获得的筛选培养基具有实际的应用价值。     

Detection of protease genes in field soil applied with liquid livestock feces and speculation on their function and origin

The origin of soil protease in field soil was estimated using culture-dependent and independent approaches. Overall soil protease activity was much higher in field soils with an annual application of liquid livestock feces (120 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 600 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) compared with the activity recorded in other field soils, and the character of the soil proteases became highly homogeneous (approximately 70% metalloprotease in a 600 t field). Selective incubation studies suggested that bacteria were the most important source of soil protease. There were significantly higher correlations between serratial metalloprotease and the overall soil protease in both feces-applied fields in terms of the effect of inhibitors, and the bacteria, which produced serratial metalloprotease, were suggested to proliferate in both the 120 t and 600 t fields. The gene homologous to serratial metalloprotease gene was amplified in directly extracted DNA from field soils using selective DNA primer and proteolytic Serratia marcescens was certified to be one source of soil protease in these field soils. Proteolytic S. marcescens and its metalloprotease gene have occasionally been isolated and detected in field soils applied with raw feces, and have rarely been isolated or detected from other field soils. Proteolytic S. marcescens is believed to be introduced in the raw feces and subsequently colonizes the field soil and replaces the indigenous bacteria in the soil.     

Existence of salt glands on leaves of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth.)

Light microscopic studies have established the existence of salt glands on “Kallar grass”; leaf blades. The salt glands resembled the two‐cell type structure described for some halophytic genera within the Gramineae. The secreted salts crystallized and formed whiskers when the plants were grown under continuously high saline conditions. The salt secretion appears to be selective. The secretion of Na exceeded that of K and considerable quantities of Cl were also extruded, preferentially in concomitance with Na. The significance of growth hormones and Ca in regulating the salt secretion process is discussed.     

采摘机器人选择性作业信息获取研究——基于无标定视觉伺服系统

以采摘机器人采摘作业为研究对象,以选择性采摘成熟果蔬为研究目标,基于无标定视觉伺服系统,结合果蔬成熟特性判断目标果实是否适合采摘,设计了一套以MSP430F149为核心的智能检测控制系统,可以实时处理相机采集到的图像,并选择性采摘符合要求的果实。本文重点研究了视觉伺服原理与模型、果实成熟度判断、选择性作业信息获取,以及系统的硬软件设计,并对文中设计研究的系统进行了可行性验证。试验结果表明:该无标定视觉伺服系统判断准确,能够较大程度提高机器人的可靠性与稳定性,应用前景宽广。