Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance,antioxidant activity,intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae

This study investigated the effects of dietary orange peel (OP) on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae (0.32 ± 0.01 g/fish) (mean ± SD). Fish fed iso‐nitrogenous (480 g/kg protein) and iso‐energetic (23 MJ/kg) diets supplemented with OP at concentrations of 0, 1, 3 or 5 g/kg diet, for 60 days. Growth performance and feed utilization parameters were significantly improved by the elevation of dietary OP level, and the optimum level was 5 g/kg diet. The maximum activity of the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase enzyme and malondialdehyde in the liver was found at 5.5, 4.6, 3.4, 2.9, 3.7 and 3.8 g OP/kg diet, respectively. All tested bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp. and Salmonela spp) and total bacterial count decreased significantly in the gut of fish fed high levels of OP (3.0 or 5.0 g/kg). No differences were found in the liver histo‐architecture among treatments after 60 days feeding on OP diets. In summary, dietary OP improved growth rate, antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota of S. aurata larvae with an optimum range from 2.9 to 5.5 g/kg diet.     

福建海区张网渔业状况分析

本文根据历年福建省张网渔业调查及闽东、闽南海区张网监测船渔获物组成分析资料,阐述张网作业生产规模、渔业地位以及对近海渔业资源利用的情况,围绕张网作业盲目发展,造成对近海渔业资源损害日趋严重的问题进行讨论,提出加强和完善张网作业管理的看法和建议.     

Effect of Stocking Density on Growth,Yield, and Costs of Producing Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,in Cages

Abstract

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were raised in culture cages (1 m³) to determine the effect of stocking density on growth, survival, and percentage of market-size fish. Large fingerling rainbow trout (20-25 cm, 232 g average weight) were stocked into six cages located in a 0.4-ha pond. Two stocking densities (100 or 200 fish/cage) were used, and fish were grown for 140 days (2000-April 2001). Average total harvest weight (35.0 kg) in the low-density cages was approximately one-half the average total harvest weight (61.2 kg) in the high-density cages. Average weight gain (11.7 kg to 15.1 kg) and feed conversion (1.2 to 1.5) were also smaller for the low-density cages. Average survival was 96.7% for the low-density cages and 94.2% for the high-density cages, with the percentage of market-size fish (< 29 cm) averaging 50.3% and 52.0%, respectively. Production costs for the actual experiment and the revenues from fish sold at the end of the study were collected. An enterprise budget based on the experimental results for the two densities was developed to determine if a culture operation of this size would produce a net return. Production costs and revenues from the experiment resulted in a large negative return (-$3,124) and high breakeven price ($13.53/kg).     

不同光照强度对刺参幼参生长的影响

采用室内受控的实验方法研究了不同光照强度对刺参幼参生长的影响。实验设暗光、微强光、强光3个光照处理,同时每个光照处理组分别投喂两种饵料(人工配合饲料、人工配合饲料加底栖硅藻)。研究结果表明,不同光照强度下,幼参的生长差异显著(P<0.05),每种饵料处理下强光处理组幼参的特定生长率和日增重明显高于暗光处理组,而相同光照强度下两种饵料处理对幼参生长的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。3个光照处理下幼参的特定生长率平均分别为0.26%、0.63%、0.98%/d,日增重为0.53、1.39、2.26 g/d。     

Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence,gene organization and genetic variation of control regions in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parargyrops edita</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Parargyrops edita was determined by gene amplification using long polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing techniques. The genome with 16 640 bp contained 37 genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes). The content and order of genes was identical to those in typical teleosts. The major non-coding region of 964 bp in length with several conserved sequence features were identified as the control region (CR). Both COI and ND4 began with a GTG start codon, which is unusual in other fishes. The genetic variation of the CR from 27 wild samples was evaluated. A total of 536 bp consensus sequence of CR was aligned and 26 unique haplotypes were identified. The haplotype diversity (h) was estimated to be 0.997 (standard deviation [SD] 0.011) and nucleotide diversity ( π ) was 0.014 (SD 0.008) for the sample collected from coastal waters of Guangdong Province. It showed a very high level of genetic variation in the sample and also suggested that mtDNA CR sequence analysis can be use to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of P. edita .     

Effect of lordosis on the swimming performance of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

The critical swimming speed (U_crit, cm s⁻¹) value of normal juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (64.7±6.33) was significantly higher than that of fish with lordosis (60.3±6.66) (P<0.05). Both normal fish and those with lordosis showed increased endurance with increasing length during exercise at a fixed water velocity of 50 cm s⁻¹. This speed was used to investigate the separation possibility of deformed specimen from the normal developed fish based on their swimming performance, and 28% separation was achieved without losing any normal fish by the end of the 10th minute. To achieve a better separation of the deformities from the normal, first grading of the juveniles and then a swimming endurance test is advised.     

Seasonal variation in osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters in earthen pond-cultured gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus

Seasonal variations in osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters were assessed in juvenile gilthead sea bream ( Sparus auratus ) cultured in earthen ponds under a natural photoperiod and temperature. Specimens were sampled, and the plasma, gill, kidney and liver were collected during winter 2005 and 2006 (January), spring 2005 (April), summer 2005 (July) and autumn 2005 (October). Plasma osmoregulatory parameters showed higher values in summer, while metabolic parameters presented different patterns of variations. Gill Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity decreased significantly in winter, while gill metabolite levels showed different patterns of variations among seasons. The enzymatic activities tested did not present a clear pattern of variation [(glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) (GDH) and hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) (HK)] or significant differences along seasons [glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49)]. Kidney Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity decreased during summer and autumn. Different patterns of variation were observed in kidney metabolite levels while all the enzymatic activities assessed [lactate dehydrogenase-oxidase (EC 1.1.1.27) (LDH-O), HK and GDH] presented the highest values during summer. In the liver, metabolite levels and enzymatic activities did not show significant variations or present clear patterns of variation along different seasons. These results indicated seasonal variations in the osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters of different organs (blood, gill, kidney and liver) in earthen pond-cultured gilthead sea bream ( S. auratus ), which could be mainly attributed to seasonal changes in temperature.     

鱼类栖息地模拟的比较研究-以东海鲐鱼为例

利用东海海域1997年10月、1998年3月、1999年7月和2000年1月鲐鱼渔获率及表层温度、盐度和初级生产力等环境因子数据,构建东海鲐鱼资源空间分布与环境因子间的一般线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM),并将GLM和GAM模拟值的均值分别与实测值进行独立样本t检验及其误差分析.分析结果表明,GLM与GAM模型的独立样本t检验P值均大于0.05,因此两者都可模拟东海鲐鱼栖息地的空间分布.其中,GLM模型对鲐鱼渔获率空间分布趋势的模拟更为准确;而GAM模拟值对鲐鱼栖息地环境因子的变化比较敏感,能够解释更多空间数据的变化,因而GAM在分析鱼类栖息地与环境因子间关联程度或资源评估方面具有优势.     

卫星遥感速报北太平洋渔场海温方法研究

渔场海温速报是开展渔情分析和确定中心渔场的基础，卫星遥感技术可以快速提供大面积海洋环境参数分布图，由于大洋渔场超出了陆基卫星地面站的接收范围，发展船载遥感系统是提供远洋渔场海洋环境条件的有效途径。本研究介绍基于船载的北太平洋渔场海温速报系统、海表温度遥感反演算法和渔场海温速报产品制作等内容。海温精度分析结果表明，卫星遥感海表温度与船测温度具有良好的一致性，周平均偏差小于0．01℃，RMS平均值为0．7967℃。系统已业务试运行2年，完成北太平洋渔场海温速报产品制作33期，取得了预期目标。