东部近海海产品中有机氯和菊酯类农药的分布特征与健康风险评估

为全面了解我国东部近海海产品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和菊酯类农药(PYRs)的残留特征及健康风险,本研究以我国东部近海附近海域的典型海产品为研究对象,使用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对其体内两类农药的含量进行测定和相关分析。结果显示：东部近海海产品中,∑OCPs残留范围为2.2～1 864.7 ng·g^-1(均值为72.5 ng·g^-1,以干质量计),∑PYRs浓度范围为5.2～761.7 ng·g^-1(均值为57.9 ng·g^-1)。与软体动物类和甲壳类相比,∑OCPs更容易蓄积在脂肪含量更高的鱼类中,而∑PYRs在3类生物中的残留量差异不显著;空间分布上,两类农药在海洋生物体内残留量的空间差异性均不显著(除烟台海域外);来源分析表明,OCPs污染主要源于历史残留,而PYRs可能与近海范围内陆域的城市卫生防护活动密切相关。研究表明,不同海产品中两类农药的总风险指数远小于1,健康风险处于安全水平。     

云南割手密(Saccharum spontaneum L.)的研究 Ⅰ.抽穗期与海拔高度的关系

 对71个割手密材料、原生长地点海拔高度和集中种植后的抽穗期,进行相关系数的测定,呈现显著的负相关,r=-0.725,p<0.01.说明割手密抽穗期的早迟,是对生态环境长期适应的结果,是遗传性的表现.测定回归系数,b=-0.0306,经t测验,p<0.01,达极显著水平,表明海拔每降低100米,其抽穗期延长3.06天.     

大果沙棘硬枝扦插育苗及造林试验研究

为了完善和推广我省大果沙棘快繁育苗及造林技术,进行了硬枝扦插及造林试验研究,结果表明,采用50mg/kg吲哚乙酸、生根粉1号、生根粉6号处理插穗,对插穗生根均有较好的效果,采用2a生本质化枝条,在日光温室细绵沙苗床扦插,生根率可达90%以上;春季起苗造林、秋季起苗沙藏春季造林,大果沙棘苗成活率和生长量最高。     

盐度胁迫对刺参非特异性免疫酶的影响

盐胁迫后刺参的行为表现及免疫酶活性会发生相应变化,以达到适应盐度变化的目的。设定5个盐度梯度(18、23、33、36和40),分析盐度胁迫后刺参行为变化及不同响应时间下体腔液中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、溶菌酶（LSZ）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力变化。实验结果发现盐度增加和降低都使刺参的活动受到影响,低盐度胁迫比高盐度胁迫对刺参的影响大。碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性总体呈现先降低后升高,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复适应的趋势。盐度23溶菌酶活力显著高于盐度32的对照组;盐度为36时,溶菌酶活力在第1天最高,随后降低,维持2 d后,酶活力又开始升高,并高于盐度32的对照组水平;盐度为18、40时,酶活力显著低于对照组,并一直维持在较低水平。低盐18、23胁迫时,超氧化物歧化酶SOD酶活力明显低于对照组,且最低点均出现在第8 d。高盐36、40胁迫时,酶活力明显高于对照组,最高点分别出现在第5 d和第8 d。研究结果为刺参机体在盐度胁迫下的调节适应机制研究工作奠定一定的基础。     

Genetic background of CTX‐M‐15‐producing Enterobacter hormaechei ST114 and Citrobacter freundii ST265 co‐infecting a free‐living green turtle (Chelonia mydas)

CTX‐M‐type extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae have become identified in marine ecosystem constituting a serious ecological issue. In this respect, although contamination of coastal waters and seafood, and even colonization of seabirds and fishes have been increasingly reported, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the clinical impact of ESBL producers in infected marine animals. In this study, using a genomic approach, we have analysed the genetic background of CTX‐M‐15‐producing Enterobacter hormaechei (belonging to the international human clone ST114) and Citrobacter freundii (ST265) co‐infecting a free‐living green turtle (Chelonia mydas) suffering from septic arthritis, which progressed to generalized coelomitis and death. Wide resistome of these pathogens contributed to treatment failure and death of the animal.     

江苏省褐飞虱迁入量的中长期预测模型

根据1983-2010年江苏省褐飞虱灯诱资料及1982-2010年全球海温场资料和美国国家环境预测中心（NCEP）气象再分析资料,对江苏稻区代表站高邮、通州和宜兴的褐飞虱迁入量与前一年1月-当年6月太平洋海温场、前一年12月-当年6月中南半岛近地表气温场和前一年7月-当年6月北半球大气环流特征量的相关关系进行分析,并运用逐步回归方法建立一系列褐飞虱年总迁入量的预测预报方程。结果表明：（1）高邮、通州和宜兴3站的褐飞虱迁入量在不同时空阈限内与太平洋海温场、中南半岛气温场和北半球大气环流特征量之间存在不同程度的相关性。3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年海温场呈负相关,其中与通州和宜兴站褐飞虱迁入量对数值相关显著的海温区主要分布在北、中太平洋,高邮站则在南太平洋;高邮站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年12月和当年4月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关,通州站与前一年12月和当年2、3月中南半岛北部的近地表气温场呈负相关,宜兴站与当年1、3月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关、与当年4月中南半岛大部的近地表气温场呈负相关;3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值主要与前一年7月-当年6月的各副高指数、各极涡指数、大西洋欧洲环流型、亚洲纬向环流指数、东亚槽强度、冷空气强度、西太平洋编号台风强度、南方涛动指数等相关显著。（2）从上述海温场、气温场和环流特征量中筛选出显著相关（P<0.05）的因子作为预测因子,建立褐飞虱年迁入量的预测模型,并筛选出回检正确率70%以上、预检正确率66.7%以上模型17个,适用性评估表明,各模型的预报结果与实测值基本吻合,表明模型可应用于单站褐飞虱年迁入量的预测。     

Compensatory growth response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) under cycled starvation and restricted feeding rate

The compensatory growth response of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) that faced cycling starvation and restricted ration was assessed. Juveniles (10.5 g) were stocked into 15 tanks at a density of 25 fish per tank. Five different feeding regimes were tested on triplicate groups of fish: C_Satiation: control fed for 60 days without deprivation, C_Restricted: 25% restricted feeding, S‐R: 1 day starvation then 4 days C_Restricted feeding, R‐F: 1 day C_Restricted feeding then 4 days C_Satiation feeding, and, finally, S‐F: 1 day starvation then 4 days C_Satiation feeding. The specific growth rate of fish in the C_Satiation (2.5 ± 0.06% day^?1), S‐F (2.5 ± 0.11% day^?1) and R‐F (2.4 ± 0.18% day^?1) were significantly higher than that of C_Restricted (2.2 ± 0.05% day^?1) or S‐R (2.0 ± 0.01% day^?1). Fish in S‐F group were able to achieve catching up with the C_Satiation. There was no significant difference in feed conversion rates but R‐F and S‐F consumed approximately 34% more feed than C_Satiation following the first re‐feeding day. Although, the highest lipid content was observed in C_Satiation (14.4%), S‐R (33.3% dry matter) had the highest water content compared with the C_Satiation and C_Restricted (37.8% and 36.9% dry matter respectively). In conclusion, it may be concluded that sea bass has rapid response to cycling starvation/re‐feeding and that a 25% restricted feeding ratio is insufficient to invoke a compensatory growth response in sea bass.     

Studies on the green liver in cultured red sea bream fed low level and non-fish meal diets: Relationship between hepatic taurine and biliverdin levels

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets. Red sea bream Pagrus major was given either of the following diets for 28 weeks: (1) control diet (50% fish meal), (2) low level fish meal diet (15% fish meal), and (3) non-fish meal diet (0% fish meal). The green liver was observed in all groups tested, but the incidence was much higher in the experimental diet groups. The feeding of substitute protein diets reduced plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, there was no significant difference in plasma hepatic enzyme activities and plasma bile salts concentration among the treatments. Fish fed the substitute protein diets showed low hepatic taurine levels with an appearance of a biliverdin in the liver. Moreover, the proportion of ditaurobilirubin to total biliary bile pigments was significantly lower in fish fed the substitute protein diets. These data indicate that feeding of substitute protein diets did not induce any cholestatic hepatobiliary obstructions and that the low hepatic taurine level was one of the probable factors responsible for the occurrence of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets.     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and their predictability in compound diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L.

Apparent digestibility of crude protein, amino acids, lipid, carbohydrate and energy was measured for a range of feed ingredients fed to gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L. — fish meal, poultry meal, meat meal, blood meal, squid meal, extracted soyabean and wheat flour. Chromic oxide was used as a non-absorbed reference substance and faeces were collected by stripping. Diets compounded from mixtures of these ingredients were then used to examine the possibility of predicting the digestibility of formulated diets.
Apparent digestibility of crude protein ranged from 79% to 90%, lipids from 83% to 95% and energy from 72% to 88% in the different ingredients. Apparent digestibility of carbohydrates was lower and ranged from 49% to 77%. Apparent digestibility of amino acids was higher than that of crude protein and differences were found among digestibilities of individual amino acids.
Tests conducted using five compound diets indicated that ingredient digestibility was additive for protein, amino acids, lipids and energy, whereas the digestibility of carbohydrates in the compound feeds was slightly lower than predicted.
Diets for Sparus aurata may thus be formulated on the basis of digestibility of individual ingredients.     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.