Post‐release mortality estimates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) caught in pelagic longline fisheries based on satellite data and hooking location

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多源卫星遥感影像进行土地利用变化监测

Due to inappropriate planning and management, accelerated urban growth and tremendous loss in land, especially cropland, have become a great challenge for sustainable urban development in China, especially in developed urban area in the coastal regions; therefore, there is an urgent need to effectively detect and monitor the land use changes and provide accurate and timely information for planning and management. In this study a method combining principal component analysis (PCA) of multisensor satellite images from SPOT (systeme pour l'observation de la terre or earth observation satellite)-5 multispectral (XS) and Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) panchromatic (PAN) data, and supervised classification was used to detect and analyze the dynamics of land use changes in the city proper of Hangzhou. The overall accuracy of the land use change detection was 90.67% and Kappa index was 0.89. The results indicated that there was a considerable land use change (10.03% of the total area) in the study area from 2001 to 2003, with three major types of land use conversions: from cropland into built-up land, construction site, and water area (fish pond). Changes from orchard land into built-up land were also detected. The method described in this study is feasible and useful for detecting rapid land use change in the urban area.     

基于高分辨率卫星图像的深圳特区市政绿地结构特征分析

基于“Quickbird”卫星遥感数据对深圳特区市级公园及市政道路绿地现状进行判读,并结合实地调查数据进行比较分析。结果表明,判读结果与实地调查数据相符程度较高,尤其是面积相对较大的公园绿地;对于以乔木为主的分车道绿地,由于判读为覆盖面积,与调查面积出现一定差异;深圳市市政公园绿地中乔灌草所占比例最大,其次为乔草和草坪;市政道路绿地与公园绿地相比,乔木、乔草、灌草、灌木类型比例均有所上升,草坪面积大幅减少,乔灌草复合结构依然占绝对优势。     

实践八号种子卫星诱变水稻Ⅱ-32B的形态变异

航天诱变具有诱变频率高、有益变异广等特点,广泛应用于作物遗传育种研究.利用我国第一颗育种专用卫星"实践八号",对Ⅱ-32B水稻干净种子进行航天诱变,经过4代的定向选育,SP4代各株系已稳定,表现出丰富的变异.分析结果表明:各株系相应性状与对照组差异显著,剑叶长变异系数最大,穗长的多样性指数(H')最高,与结实率呈负相关的性状最多.形态多样性变异谱广、变异幅度大的这些材料将为航天诱变水稻的育种与遗传研究打下了一定的基础.     

Testing a model to track fish migrations in polar regions using pop‐up satellite archival tags

The use of pop‐up archival satellite tags (PSATs) to geolocate marine fishes in polar regions is challenging due to the brevity of periods during which there is a defined sunrise and sunset. Models using other environmental parameters are thus required to supplement geolocation data in the estimation of marine migratory routes. The objective of this work was to create a simple method that would estimate the migratory pathways of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in polar regions using temperature and depth recordings. Validated geolocations from PSATs were used to test and constrict the model. The model’s predicted migratory routes were within 100 km of the light‐based geolocations calculated by the tags. By constraining the trajectories through the geolocations, bias was reduced. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that slight alterations of the location and timing of the start and end points did not affect the mean migratory route estimates. This method is a management tool that can determine the primary habitat areas for any surface‐ or bottom‐dwelling marine species – especially in polar regions, where other methods may be impossible.     

Site fidelity,survival and conservation options for the threatened flapper skate (Dipturus cf. intermedia)

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Remote sensing and forest inventories in Nordic countries – roadmap for the future

The Nordic countries have long traditions in forest inventory and remote sensing (RS). In sample-based national forest inventories (NFIs), utilization of aerial photographs started during the 1960s, satellite images during the 1980s, laser scanning during the 2000s, and photogrammetric point clouds during the 2010s. In forest management inventories (FMI), utilization of aerial photos started during the 1940s and laser scanning during the 2000s. However, so far, RS has mostly been used for map production and research rather than for estimation of regional parameters or inference on their accuracy. In recent years, the RS technology has been developing very fast. At the same time, the needs for information are constantly increasing. New technologies have created possibilities for cost-efficient production of accurate, large area forest data sets, which also will change the way forest inventories are done in the future. In this study, we analyse the state-of-the-art both in the NFIs and FMIs in the Nordic countries. We identify the benefits and drawbacks of different RS materials and data acquisition approaches with different user perspectives. Based on the analysis, we identify the needs for further development and emerging research questions. We also discuss alternatives for ownership of the data and cost-sharing between different actors in the field.     

黑龙江大兴安岭卫星热点预报森林火灾准确性研究

卫星监测是现阶段我国主要森林火灾监测方法,其本质是测报地面的高温热源,利用粗分辨率的遥感数据进行林火监测时不能区分高温热源性质、精确定位火场,对于热点数据的地面核查反馈工作造成一定困难。提升热点数据处置的技术水平是森林防火研究的热点。本文基于2005—2015年黑龙江省大兴安岭林区卫星热点数据和同时期森林火灾历史资料,利用ARCGIS和统计分析,得出结论如下:1)卫星热点初判林火发生次数的准确率79.7%,不同卫星初判热源差异较大,NOAA-16、NOAA-18、NOAA-19和FY-1D的报准率均在80%左右,监测次数综合达到1 928次,占总数的2/3,是监测林火的主力卫星。2)卫星预报初判林火发生位置平均误差为5 787.9 m;不同卫星初判热源差异较大,NOAA-19和Terra预报热点的误差较小,但监测数量偏少;NOAA-15和NOAA-17的监测数量虽然较多,但其误差非常大,NOAA-15有7 064.7 m,NOAA-17达到万米以上。3)在卫星监测到的219次森林火灾和历史资料记录的165次火灾中,有147次森林火灾能够对应,卫星的多报、少报问题主要集中于呼玛县,在连续监测同一场森林火灾时,容易出现多报、少报的现象。建议在无法提高卫星性能的情况下,改进卫星图像的处理技术,完善卫星图像的判读标准,提高判读的准确性,同时完善地面核查反馈的方案,以增加核查效率,降低核查经济成本,同时基于不同卫星的性能差异,建议在进行林火监测时应以预报精确的风云系列极轨卫星为主,以性能稳定的NOAA系列卫星为辅。      

安淮山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养与鉴定

为了分离得到安淮山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,成功构建山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞系,为相关研究提供实验材料。以安淮山羊背最长肌肌肉组织为材料,采取胶原酶和胰蛋白酶结合的二步消化法,结合差速贴壁法纯化原代骨骼肌卫星细胞。对骨骼肌卫星细胞中特异性基因Pax7用免疫荧光染色法及PCR扩增加以鉴定。通过分离、纯化,得到纯度较高的山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,其形态为圆形,折光性强。培养一段时间后密度增大,细胞呈梭型。所得骨骼肌卫星细胞生长状态良好,具有较为一致的生长方式和形态特点。经免疫荧光染色法以及PCR鉴定发现细胞系中有Pax7基因的表达。通过上述材料和方法,可获得较纯的山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,并稳定传代。     

农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业精度评估试验的研究

针对农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业精度没有统一和规范的评估指标及评估方法的问题,利用高精度RTKGPS接收机,采用单点静态定位的测量方法,以农机卫星导航自动驾驶的起垄作业为测试对象,采集4块起垄作业地块的试验数据进行分析,并提出以垄向直线度和垄间平行度作为评估指标,对农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业精度的评估方法进行研究。结果表明:1)垄向直线度的最小值和最大值分别为2.70和4.59cm,最小和最大均方根分别为3.36和5.55cm;2)垄间平行度的最小值和最大值分别为5.16和16.88cm,最小和最大均方根6.76和24.72cm;3)根据垄向直线度和垄间平行度,农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业在1号地块的作业精度最高,3号地块的作业精度最低,与实际作业情况相符。该评估方法可实现对农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业精度的量化评估,能为农机卫星导航自动驾驶作业精度的评估提供一种有效地测试及评估的方法。