开阔型港湾紫菜埕地轮养菲律宾蛤仔的研究

利用开阔型港湾紫菜养殖埕地空闲季节,进行小型试验并指标大面积轮养菲律宾蛤仔,选择含沙星８０％－９０％的沙泥稳定底质,海水比重１．０１６－１．０２２,大潮干露２－４小时,流速８０－１００厘米／秒,饵料丰富的海区,１－２月份播种壳长２．０－２．２厘米的一龄大蛤苗,密度１０００个／米＾２。     

深澳湾网箱养殖对周边水环境和牡蛎生长的影响

为了研究网箱养殖对周边水环境和牡蛎生长的影响,于2012年6~8月对距深澳湾网箱区边缘0、20、50、100、200、500、1000m和EN0m的水质和牡蛎进行研究。水质监测结果表明,距网箱区边缘20m以内的水体中无机氮、无机磷和POM的浓度较50m以外的高。0m处的无机氮和无机磷的浓度最高,分别为16.11、1.01μmol/L,网箱边EN0m和0m处的溶氧最低;牡蛎的生长表明,网箱边缘0m处牡蛎壳高特定生长率为0.76%/d,显著高于50m以外的区域,网箱区20m以内牡蛎湿重的特定生长率高于50m以外的区域,但差异不显著。总体表现为网箱养殖对20m范围内水环境和牡蛎生长的影响较50m以外的区域大。     

Production of a base population and its responses to F1 selection in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819)

A base population of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck, was produced by crossing two cultured bay scallop populations. After 1 year of rearing, the top 10% truncation selection of the top 10% ( i =1.755) was carried out in the base population of about 1300 adults. A control parental group with a an identical number to the select parental group was randomly selected from the entire population before isolation of the select parental group. The result showed that, at the larval stage, the growth rate of larvae in the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control ( P <0.05), and that the genetic gain was 6.78%. Owing to the lower density of control at the spat stage, the mean shell length of the control line was larger than that of the select line at day 100. When the same density was adjusted between two lines in the grow-out stage (from day 100 to 160), the daily growth rate of the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control line ( P <0.05). Survival of the select line was significantly larger than that of the control line in the grow-out stage. In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment indicate that selective breeding from a base population with a high genetic diversity established by mass spawning between different populations appears to be a promising method of genetic improvement in bay scallop, A. irradians irradians Lamarck.     

杭州湾海涂造林后气象因子动态变化

通过对杭州湾海涂造林后气象因子的变化进行的定点研究,结果表明:造林后林地内的月平均气温与未造林地上的差异不大,在冬季有一定的保温作用;在树木生长季节能明显增加空气湿度,而在冬季可适当降低空气湿度;海涂造林后在秋冬季能提高地温,春夏季能降低地温,并且能明显地降低风速;在树木生长季节林木有降低大气压作用,在树木停止生长后林木又有增加大气压作用。     

基于RS与GIS的乐清湾湿地景观格局变化分析

利用1993年和2003年二期LandsatTM影像为信息源,在RS和G IS技术支持下,对乐清湾湿地景观格局变化进行研究。选取斑块密度、斑块分维数、景观破碎度、景观多样性、优势度和均匀度等指标,对乐清湾湿地景观格局的变化进行定量分析,并利用生态效应指数模型研究各类景观的转化情况。研究结果表明,1993—2003年间,该研究区的湿地景观格局在人类活动的影响下发生了较大变化,滩涂和耕作用地景观面积减小,建设用地景观面积大幅增加,湿地景观向非湿地景观转化趋势明显;湿地景观整体趋于破碎化,景观连通性下降;优势景观的优势地位下降,景观的均匀度上升。近10 a来乐清湾湿地景观类型的转化导致该地区总体生态环境质量有所恶化,乐清湾湿地是急需采取保护性措施的重点区域,该研究结果为区域土地利用和生态环境保护提供科学的依据。     

Implications of marine environment change on Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) aquaculture suitability: a comparative study in Funka and Mutsu Bays,Japan

The determination of the causes for the changes in marine environment in areas with similar oceanic climate forcing on most suitable sites for scallop aquaculture can help to ensure long‐term sustainability of the coastal ecosystem. This study assessed aquaculture suitability sites using dominant indicators of marine ecological dynamics on Japanese scallop culture in Funka and Mutsu Bays, Japan as comparative examples. Data sources comprised of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), four dimensional‐variational (4D‐VAR) data assimilation system, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), in situ and buoy measurements. The suitable sites were ranked on a scale of 1 (least suitable) to 8 (most suitable). In the most suitable sites in aquaculture operational areas, Funka Bay had a high proportion (51.1%) than Mutsu Bay (13.7%) for the best performed model. Peaks of aquaculture suitability scores were attributed to potential effects of currents. Extreme sea temperatures (>24°C) in summer 2010 were associated with low performance of the 2010 model in Mutsu Bay and mortality of scallops based on sea temperature‐depth visualizations. Future global warming effects are likely to decrease the most suitable culture sites in Funka Bay and loss of similar areas in Mutsu Bay. Thus, change in marine environment influences scallop culture development. Such concepts could form scientific basis for aquaculture planning on designated system of larval distribution and stock management of cultured species to minimize mortality and economic losses.     

海湾扇贝病原菌-黑美人弧菌的分离与致病性

1997年8～9月,大连金州区大李家乡养殖场筏养海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)突发大面积死亡。其主要病症是外套膜收缩,重者全部脱落,鳃丝呈土黄色或糜烂,肠管空并伴有不同程度的肾肿胀。从病贝血淋巴液和鳃组织中分离的2株优势菌(h9701-1,g9701-2)分别做纯培养,采用肌注法感染健康贝,得到与原发病相同症状,证实是病原菌。经多项形态、生理生化测定,2株分离菌皆是黑美人弧菌(Vibrionigripulchritudo)。     

辽宁省普兰店湾养殖企业扇贝种苗死亡原因

通过对辽宁省普兰店湾养殖企业取水海域的监测和污染源分析,探究该地区2010年1月养殖企业扇贝种苗大量死亡的原因。通过水质监测和污染源调查发现:海水中氰化物和挥发酚显著超标是各水产养殖企业种贝、幼苗死亡的直接原因,而氰化物和挥发酚均属于合成氨工业产生的特征污染物,故以合成氨为主要中间产品的化工企业是此次事件的主要污染源,希望各大型化工企业以此为鉴,严格控制未达标生产废水的排放,维护我国渔业生态环境的健康发展。     

湾外海域不同结构鲍匍匐基初步对比试验

2016年3月6日—5月3日,在福建省漳浦县霞美镇浮头湾外海域进行三种不同结构鲍匍匐基养殖对比试验。三种鲍匍匐基分别为扣箱式(有效匍匐面积1.072 8 m2)、双层斜板式(有效匍匐面积1.993 5 m2)和传统养殖盆(有效匍匐面积0.413 3 m2),试验对象为皱纹盘鲍杂交鲍(Haliotis discus hanai)。试验结果如下:1)扣箱式鲍壳长日增长为0.131mm,日增重为0.129 g,存活率为98.44%,饲料转化率为3.38%;2)双层斜板式鲍壳长日增长为0.098 mm,日增重为0.096 g,存活率为99.38%,饲料转化率为4.29%;3)传统养殖盆式鲍壳长日增长为0.115 mm,日增重为0.103 g,存活率为98.00%,饲料转化率为5.37%。试验设施未受到湾外海况影响破坏。结果表明扣箱式鲍匍匐基整体性能较好,基于该匍匐基的鲍养殖网箱在经济型吊杆辅助作业下具有养殖效率高、抗风浪流性好、劳动强度低、所需劳动力少等优点,适合应用于湾外养殖。     

基于ISM法的三沙湾资源开发累积生态效应研究

通过分析三沙湾中主要用海开发活动,从用海类型出发,在地形地貌、水动力、水质和沉积物质量、生物生态等方面的累积效应以及自然灾害诱发效应等指示因子中筛选出27个要素。利用解释结构模型(Interpretative Structural Modeling,ISM)分析了各要素之间的关系,建立了三沙湾资源开发累积生态效应的解释结构模型。从该模型的各个阶层,直观地反映出海湾资源开发各用海类型的累积生态效应发生过程,为海湾资源开发利用、规划和管理提供具有一定借鉴意义的理论基础和技术手段。