Microsatellite markers derived from bay scallop <Emphasis Type="Italic">Argopecten irradians</Emphasis> expressed sequence tags

ABSTRACT:   When data mining was performed on the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, a total of 2038 sequences from five different expressed sequence tag libraries were registered. Eighty sequences (3.9%) were found to contain 91 microsatellites. Clustering analysis indicated that 23 sequences of these expressed sequence tags fell into five clusters and that the remaining 57 sequences were independent. The di- and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs accounted for approximately 62.1% of the total microsatellites. The most abundant dinucleotide microsatellite was TA, followed by GA and CA, and the trinucleotide microsatellites GAT and GGT showed a high abundance. Nineteen sequences representing di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotides motifs were chosen for the design of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Of primer pairs, 16 successfully amplified scorable PCR products and 11 revealed polymorphism, with the average polymorphic information content value of 0.5082 and 3.1 alleles per locus. A transferability analysis on three other related scallop species, Chlamys farreri, Chlamys nobilis and Patinopecten yessoenssis , showed that only 1 of 16 primer pairs could amplify PCR products with the expected size in Chlamys nobilis .     

海湾扇贝亲贝室内越冬试验

海湾扇贝亲贝以３７．５个／ｍ＾３的密度在室内池越冬６０天，存活率９８％，平均性腺指数开始为１４．３％，最终为１３．９％。与自然海区越冬相比，亲贝存活率提高２５￣７５％，平均性腺指数提高５．６￣８．１％。     

亚热带养殖海湾皱瘤海鞘生物沉积的现场研究

皱瘤海鞘是亚热带海域分布最广和数量最多的附着生物种类之一.2012年1月-7月在典型的亚热带养殖海湾-大亚湾大鹏澳海域,利用沉积物捕集器现场测定了皱瘤海鞘(Styela plicata)的生物沉积速率,并测定了生物沉积物中有机物(OM)、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳(OC)和有机氮(ON)含量.结果显示:皱瘤海鞘的生物沉积速率变化范围为每天145.5-1011.8m/个,平均每天516.0mg/个,海鞘的生物沉积速率变化范围为每天154.8-1065.8 mg/g干重,平均每大463.3 mg/g干重.海鞘生物沉积物中OM、TC、OC、TN和ON含量分别为14.38％、10.80％、2.87％、3.06％和0.86％,高于自然沉积物中的含量,分别为13.39％、7.36％、2.32％、2.29％和0.67％.其中TC和ON含量要显著高于自然沉积物(P＜0.05).皱瘤海鞘的OM、TC、OC、TN和ON的生物沉积速率分别为每天74.20,55.73,14.80,15.79和4.43 mg/个.实验期间附着在浮筏养殖设施和养殖牡蛎壳上的海鞘密度变化范围为54.9-222.1个/m2,平均147.5个/m2,养殖海域单位面积的海鞘生物沉积速率平均为每天76.1 g/m2,是自然沉积速率(平均每天62.7 g/m2)的1.21倍,其中OM、TC、OC、TN和ON的平均沉积速率分别为每天10.94,8.21,2.18,2.32和0.65 g/m2.据此可推算,大鹏澳筏式牡蛎养殖海区(约103 hm2)皱瘤海鞘的年生物沉积物负荷为29000 t,其中OM,TC,OC,TN和ON分别4100,3100,820,870和240 t.研究结果说明,海鞘等附着生物在大规模浅海贝类养殖中对养殖生态环境的影响也不容忽视.     

Connectivity of the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) in Buzzards Bay,Massachusetts, U.S.A.

The harvest of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) from Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, U.S.A. undergoes large interannual fluctuations, varying by more than an order of magnitude in successive years. To investigate the extent to which these fluctuations may be due to yearly variations in the transport of scallop larvae from spawning areas to suitable juvenile habitat (settlement zones), a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model was used to drive an individual‐based model of scallop larval transport. Model results revealed that scallop spawning in Buzzards Bay occurs during a time when nearshore bay currents were principally directed up‐bay in response to a persistent southwesterly sea breeze. This nearshore flow results in the substantial transport of larvae from lower‐bay spawning areas to settlement zones further up‐bay. Averaged over the entire bay, the spawning‐to‐settlement zone connectivity exhibits little interannual variation. However, connectivities between individual spawning and settlement zones vary by up to an order of magnitude. The model results identified spawning areas that have the greatest probability of transporting larvae to juvenile habitat. Because managers may aim to increase scallop populations either locally or broadly, the high‐connectivity spawning areas were divided into: (i) high larval retention and relatively little larval transport to adjoining settlement areas, (ii) both significant larval retention and transport to more distant settlement areas, and (iii) little larval retention but significant transport to distant settlement areas.     

黄河入海泥沙年际通量对莱州湾渔业资源结构的影响

根据2009年8月-2013年8月莱州湾海域渔业拖网调查数据,分析该海域渔业种群组成、优势种、空间分布和资源量的年际变动,以了解黄河入海泥沙通量对莱州湾渔业结构的影响.结果表明:(1)莱州湾渔业资源量整体呈下降趋势,主要以鱼类为主,甲壳类次之,头足类最少;鱼类中以中上层鱼类为主,网获量明显多于底层鱼类,但2011年8月底层鱼类稍多于中上层鱼类;(2)莱州湾渔业资源各年份的优势种有所变动,中上层鱼类和底层鱼类的优势种变动较大,甲壳类优势种变动较少,鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.主要优势种集中于斑鲦、矛尾鰕虎鱼、口虾蛄、小带鱼和日本枪乌贼等种类.2010年斑鲦大量暴发,为唯一优势种;(3)2009-2013年黄河入海泥沙年际通量与鱼类种数、底层鱼类数和渔业资源数存在显著相关性,与底层鱼类生物量存在极显著相关性.综上所述,黄河入海泥沙年际通量的变动对莱州湾渔业资源量和资源结构都产生了一定影响.     

海州湾海域一次赤潮异弯藻赤潮与环境因子的关系

通过对2008年5月发生在连云港海州湾海域的一次赤潮异弯藻赤潮的跟踪监测,并研究其赤潮发生与环境因子的关系,得出:良好的水文气象条件,丰富的营养盐为赤潮的爆发及维持提供了基础。赤潮的发生,导致pH值、盐度、溶解氧、叶绿素a、营养盐等环境因子都发生了变化。此次赤潮异弯藻赤潮主要吸收硝酸盐和铵盐,磷酸盐是其生长的限制因子。高氮磷比也是赤潮异弯藻生长的重要调控因子。     

水射流剥离海湾扇贝贝柱试验研究

结合国内外扇贝加工现状以及海湾扇贝的生理结构特点,受医用水刀的启发,采用水射流技术对贝柱进行剥离试验研究。结果表明:水射流剥离贝柱分为挤压变形阶段、破裂阶段和切割阶段。通过剥离试验与剥离效果的感官评价,确定了水射流剥离海湾扇贝贝柱主要射流参数的最佳值。最佳射流参数下海湾扇贝贝柱剥离率为100%,表面肉质整齐,壳体内表面光滑。     

南湾水库渔业经济效益分析评价

调查整理了南湾水库渔业的劳动生产率、水域生产率、资金产出率三个渔业经济指标,并与参照体系进行比较,从而客观评价了南湾水库的渔业经济效益。     

水东湾红树林湿地生态旅游SWOT分析及开发策略

红树林湿地是沿海地区开展森林游憩和生态旅游的重要资源,科学地经营水东湾红树林是当地绿色经济发展中必须着重考虑的问题。SWOT分析表明：水东湾红树林湿地在自然条件和地理区位上具有开展生态旅游的明显优势,但同时也存在着局部污染严重、基础设施落后以及景观单调的劣势。水东湾红树林湿地生态旅游开发应抓住生态文明建设的发展机遇,克服开发与保护之间的矛盾,采取有效的管理措施,建设服务功能强大的生态旅游景区。     

湄洲湾渔业环境和渔业现状关系分析

通过对１９９５年１２月和１９９６年１月湄洲湾渔业资源现状调查,结合１９８８～１９９６年湄洲湾渔业环境综合调查资料,探讨了工业开发对湄洲湾渔业资源的影响。分析表明湄洲湾的工业开发与渔业资源保护是可以相互协调发展的,在严格控制污染物排放和渔业捕捞并发展人工养殖的情况下,能够控制生物资源的衰退,也可维护湾内海域的生态平衡。