苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的ELISA检测技术研究

比较了直接双抗体夹心法 ( DAS- ELISA)和间接双抗体夹心法 ( F( ab) 2 -ELISA)检测 CLSV的范围 (不同株系 ) ,并分析了在病毒提取介质中加入某些特殊成分后 ,对直接双抗体夹心法检测 CLSV效果的影响。结果表明 ,间接法可以检测较宽范围的病毒株系 ;当常规病毒提取介质中加入尼古丁、氯化镁和聚酰胺时 ,标准双抗体夹心法的检测范围也可以扩大     

灰树花浸膏粉的生产及其化学成分分析

采用热水提取、真空浓缩和喷雾干燥等工艺生产灰树花浸膏粉。分析结果表明：灰树花浸膏粉中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖、粗多糖和灰分等的含量分别为７．６４％,２３．９６％,０．２７％,４８．０５％,２４．５５％和６．９５％,而粗纤维成分含量小于０．４％;灰树花浸膏粉含有丰富的矿质元素磷（２．１６ｍｇ／ｇ）,钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜等人体必需营养素分别为４３０μｇ／ｇ,９７０μｇ／ｇ,８３．１μｇ／ｇ,７．     

木麻黄混合栲胶渣栽培食用、药用菌研究

以木麻黄混合栲胶渣为原料 ,采用“三级”优选法进行食用、药用菌栽培实验 .结果表明 ,混合栲胶渣完全可以代替木屑栽培食用、药用菌 ,既有较高的经济效益又有利于保护环境 ,防治污染 ,是栲胶废渣综合治理的有效途径     

柴油机伞喷嘴喷油过程和喷雾特性的研究

主要介绍了用长管法和闪光摄影研究伴喷嘴喷油过程和喷雾特性,并简介了测试装置的结构和工作原理。将伞喷嘴与四气门单缸１３５型柴油机的燃油系统配合,在喷油泵试验台上进行了试验。试验结果表明,在燃油系统其他部分不变的情况下,伞喷嘴的喷油规律图呈近似在角形,最高喷油率和平均喷油率远高于多孔喷嘴;伞形喷雾径向贯穿距离远小于多孔喷雾,喷雾锥角在喷雾早期急剧减小。伞喷嘴喷油特性的研究对相应燃烧系统工作过程的组织和燃烧过程、性能的分析具有指导作用。     

中林-46杨他感作用初探

为了提高中彬－４６杨混农速生丰产林的生产能力,用中林－４６杨根系浸提液处理主要农作物和常见田间杂草种子进行发芽试验,结果表明：中林－４６杨的他感作用是存在的,其根浸的液对大豆种子的萌发没有影响,但对其幼苗的生长有极显著的促进作用;低浓度的浸提液对花生生长的影响不明显,高浓度时则有极显著的促进作用;     

Incidence of hybridization between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in Ireland

The substantial growth of the farmed salmon industry in Europe since the 1970s has highlighted concerns regarding the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmonid stocks. High incidences of salmon × trout hybrids have been recorded in rivers situated near intensive salmon farming in Norway and Scotland, which may be indicative of a breakdown in reproductive isolation between salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L. In the present study, salmonid fry and 0+ parr were collected from rivers in western Ireland. Allozyme and minisatellite DNA analysis were carried out on fry to determine the frequency of F1 hybrids from 10 rivers located within 38 km of salmon farms and three rivers at least 80 km from salmon farms. A total of 49 hybrids were recorded from 4135 salmonid fry (frequency = 1.2%). Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that all hybrids arose from Atlantic salmon female × brown trout male crosses. Hybrid parr were recorded from one of the low-risk rivers (1.0%), but were present in seven out of the 10 catchments located within 38 km of salmon farms, with frequencies ranging from 0.7% to 3.1%. The results of the present survey, which represents the first extensive record of the levels of salmon-trout hybridization in Ireland, are discussed in relation to the continued growth of salmon farming in this country.     

A system for automatic recording of fish tagged with coded acoustic transmitters

A telemetry system designed to automatically record the presence and swimming direction of fish tagged with coded acoustic transmitters is described. The present paper presents results from an extensive mapping of signal strengths and the proportion of correctly identified codes from a transmitter at various positions outside automatic listening stations (ALS). The system is evaluated on the basis of two field seasons, during which 107 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were tagged with acoustic transmitters in a fjord system in south-western Norway. By installing one ALS (two at high water discharges) in the mouth of the River Suldalslågen and two ALSs in the Hylsfjord, the presence and swimming direction of all tagged salmon entering the river and the inner part of the 750-m-wide Hylsfjord were recorded.     

Tissue and organ distribution of 14C‐activity in dextrin‐adapted Atlantic salmon after oral administration of radiolabelled 14C1‐glucose

Accumulation of ¹⁴C in various tissues and organs was studied in three different groups of 0.8‐kg Atlantic salmon Salmo salar force‐fed with ¹⁴C₁‐glucose in order to evaluate if metabolism of glucose depended on adaptation to dietary carbohydrate level. The salmon had been fed diets supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 g maize dextrin kg^?1 for 10 months before the experiment. The fish were force‐fed 6.65 × 10⁴ Bq of ¹⁴C₁ glucose kg^?1 BW, in gelatin capsules. Fish for analysis were obtained 16 h later. ¹⁴C was measured in blood plasma, gill, kidney, liver and white muscle, and in lipid extract of liver. The liver contained most ¹⁴C, followed by heart, blood plasma, gill and liver lipid extract, while kidney and muscle contained the least ¹⁴C per gram or millilitre tissue. The muscle contained most radioactivity, on an estimated total tissue basis, followed by liver, blood plasma, gill, liver lipid extract, kidney and heart tissue. Thirty‐eight per cent of the orally administered ¹⁴C was recovered in the salmon adapted to the diet without dextrin after 16 h. This was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the 30% and 32% recovered in the salmon adapted to diets with 10% and 20% dextrin. This effect on adaptation to dietary dextrin level in glucose uptake or metabolism was supported by a trend (P < 0.10) toward higher radioactivity per gram or millilitre of each individual tissue in the fish adapted to the diet without dextrin, when compared with the other two adaptation regimes.     

Coastal sea surface temperature and coho salmon production off the north-west United States

A time series of mean weekly sea surface temperature (SST) images was used to investigate the relationship between fluctuations in the marine survival of hatchery-reared coho salmon and coastal ocean dynamics off the north-western United States (51° to 37°N) between 1985 and 1996, using univariate and nonlinear bivariate regression analysis. Ocean conditions were matched against survival for a number of different annual time frames according to the sum of negative or positive weekly SST anomalies. From the univariate analyses, the sum of negative anomalies from April to June, when the juvenile salmon first enter the ocean, was found to have an R ² of 0.88 against survival with 1991 excluded as an outlier. The bivariate multiple regressions used the sum of negative anomalies from April to June as the first independent variable. When the sums of positive anomalies from the following periods during the fishes' second calendar year in the ocean were each used as the second independent variable, the R ² values were all greater than or equal to 0.92 (with no data points excluded): January to June, February to June, April to June, March to June. These results are discussed within the context of coastal ocean processes. It is concluded that the analysis of SST image time series might allow management to make reasonable forecasts of hatchery-reared coho salmon survival.