贪食迈阿密虫(M.avidus)对4种海水养殖鱼类组织匀浆液的趋化性

通过对贪食迈阿密虫(M.avidus)对4种养殖鱼类组织匀浆液的趋化特性进行研究,以探讨贪食迈阿虫对养殖鱼类的侵染特点.试验结果显示,贪食迈阿密虫对大黄鱼、大菱鲆、黄姑鱼、鲈鱼的眼、脑、脑脊液匀浆液有强烈的趋化效果(P＜0.01),对皮肤黏液、鳃、肝、肌肉、肾组织匀浆液的趋化性较弱(P＞0.05);对不同鱼类组织匀浆液...     

中国海洋鱼类种类多样性的研究

中国海洋迄今已记录有３０４８种鱼类，分属２８８个科，约占全球海洋鱼类总数的２３％，是世界鱼类种类最丰富的国家之一。种类多样性程度由南向北逐渐递减，南海高达２０５０种，但单种资源量小，黄渤海只有３２７种，但一些单种资源量较多，中国海洋针种以暖水种居多样性的高达８７．８％，也有大量暖温种和少数冷温种，但无真正冰水各，中国海缺乏世界级的高产渔获种类。     

老江河的水质理化特性及其渔业评价

对老江河的周年水质分析结果表明，水温平均１８．８℃（９．１～３１．１℃）；透明度平均２３１ｃｍ（６３～５２５ｃｍ）；ｐＨ平均７．６９（７．１２～８．２０）；溶解氧平均９．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ（７．９６～１１．５２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；化学耗氧量平均４．５６ｍｇ／Ｌ（３．３７～５．７９ｍｇ／Ｌ）；碱度平均２．２９ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ（２．０５～２．６４ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ）；硬度（ＣａＣＯ３）平均１２７．４ｍｇ／Ｌ（１１０．８～１４３．４ｍｇ／Ｌ），属软水。主要离子含量及排列顺序与长江水相近，属Ｏ·Ａ阿列金分类法ＣＣａⅢ型。主要营养元素中，无机Ｎ含量为０．４８９ｍｇ／Ｌ，其中ＮＯ－１３—Ｎ０．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ＋４—Ｎ０．２２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＯ－１２—Ｎ０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ；ＰＯ－３４—Ｐ０．００８ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｎ∶Ｐ平均为６１∶１，Ｐ更缺乏。老江河的水质状况表明它是适宜鱼类生长发育的良好渔业水体，营养类型介于贫－中营养型之间，适合于在此建立中国长江四大家鱼种质资源库     

Linking size‐based trophodynamics and morphological traits in marine fishes

The rule of thumb in marine trophodynamics indicates that the bigger an organism, the higher its trophic level (TROPH). This generalization leads to the assumption that fishes increase their TROPH with growth. However, a recent review showed that for many species, TROPH does not increase with body size, suggesting that size‐independent feeding is not rare in marine fishes. Here, we assessed some morphological traits of marine fishes that could potentially be used as indicators for the ability to vary TROPH with body size. Stable isotope values of nitrogen were used as a proxy TROPH. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the oral gape and the trophodynamic trend and (b) to quantify the relevance of 11 external morphological traits in determining the size‐based trophodynamics. We used random forest models to identify the morphological traits that would help predict which species would have the potential to increase TROPH with growth and which would have not. The selected traits included the pelvic fin relative position, the dorsal fin shape, total length, and relative mouth size. Our results also showed a marked relationship between the rate of increase in the oral gape and TROPH. The analyses presented here provide the first comprehensive and quantitative review aiming at linking the trophodynamics of marine fishes with external morphological traits.     

Prey and non‐native fish predict the distribution of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in a south‐western river in North America

Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) has been extirpated from a large portion of its historical range in the Colorado River basin, USA. A repatriation effort via stocking of juvenile P. lucius in the San Juan River, NM, CO and UT has resulted in limited recruitment of individuals into an adult population. Understanding biotic and abiotic factors that limit their persistence in the Colorado River basin will be a critical step in providing for their recovery. To elucidate potential recruitment barriers in the San Juan River, we assessed relationships between the numbers of two age classes of P. lucius and prey, competitors and predators collected at a 1.6 km reach scale between 2003 and 2012. We used an information theoretical approach to rank candidate models testing the relative importance of these biotic conditions in predicting the spatial distribution of P. lucius. We found positive relationships between the numbers of P. lucius ≤200 mm total length (TL) collected and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native prey among reaches. For P. lucius >200 mm TL (individuals that are likely completely piscivorous), we found positive associations between the numbers of P. lucius collected and CPUE of total prey and CPUE of potential non‐native competitors in each reach. Our data suggest size‐specific affinities of P. lucius for native and non‐native prey as well as the potential for negative interactions between P. lucius and non‐native competitors may contribute to limited recruitment of juvenile P. lucius into an adult population in the San Juan River.     

人工诱导海水鱼类雌核发育的研究进展

近三十年来,国内外海水鱼类的增养殖业发展迅速,尤其以提高增养殖鱼类产量和质量为主要目的的染色体组工程已成为海水鱼类育种的热点.作为一种实用的染色体组操作技术,雌核发育是在雌核控制下的发育,精子只作为"激活源",入卵后不形成雄核,所以后代的遗传特质仅仅来源于母性亲本.     

长江径流对河口及邻近海区渔业影响的初步研究

根据对近年调查资料的分析，本文试就长江径流变化对邻近海区理化环境的影响、对河口及邻近海区的浮游动物的数量分布以及渔业的影响等方面进行了讨论。长江径流的变化关系到邻近海区温、盐度和冲淡水的分布，并且存在着较强的相关；不少经济鱼类的渔场正位于浮游动物总生物量高区，而近海浮游动物总生物量与长江径流量之间有着显著的正相关关系；径流量的变化不仅改变渔场位置，而且影响海区渔获量的变化。文中着重讨论了长江口、舟山和鱼山渔场的带鱼、鲐鲹鱼的分布，渔场形成，渔获量的大小与径流量关系．     

黑龙江的鱼类区系

作者根据多年来对黑龙江水系鱼类调查所获标本和参考文献资料，对 黑龙江鱼类区系进行了研究。黑龙江水系共有鱼类120种（包括8亚种），隶属82属24科；河口海淡水鱼类和溯河性鱼类为22种，纯属淡水鱼类计89种，尚包括移植放流鱼类6种，土著鱼类仅为92种。     

陆水水库鳜属鱼类食性及消化器官的比较研究

通过对陆水水库三种鳜属鱼类的食性及消化器官比较，结果表明，三种鳜都以摄食鱼虾为主，在鳜和大眼鳜的食物组成中，虾的出现率分别为８２．３５％和８１．０３％，鱼的出现率分别为４７．０６％和３１．２３％，斑鳜中鱼和虾和出现率分别为６３．０７％和５０．０７％，鱼虾出现率在不同月份变化圈套。鳜摄食强度最大，大眼鳜次之，斑鳜最小。但它们摄食鱼的饱满分指数均大于虾。在消化器官中，鳜、斑鳜、大眼鳜的幽门盲囊的平均数     

南海重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布

2004年5—7月和2005年3—4月采用深水三重刺网在南海的羚羊礁、华光礁、银砾滩、东岛、滨湄滩、排洪滩、本固暗沙、比微暗沙、武勇暗沙、海鸠暗沙、双子群礁、中业群礁、鲎藤礁、美济礁、仁爱礁、仙宾礁、南方浅滩、棕滩、大渊滩、永署礁、南薰礁、牛轭礁、道明群礁等23座重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域进行了2个航次专业调查,其中有21座岛礁共渔获到7目15科33种408尾软骨鱼类,而美济礁和南方浅滩没有渔获到软骨鱼类。根据调查资料,通过物种各分类阶元的分布、优势度（IRI）和单位努力量渔获量等几个方面分析南海重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布,旨在为南海珊瑚礁渔业资源的开发和管理提供科学依据。结果表明,西沙群岛的重量单位努力量渔获量范围为73～499kg／10^4m^2,其优势种类是迈氏条尾虹、灰六鳃鲨和黑梢真鲨;中沙群岛的重量单位努力量渔获量范围为114～245kg／10^4m^2,其优势种类是迈氏条尾虹、灰三齿鲨;南沙群岛除了美济礁和南方浅滩外其重量单位努力量渔获量范围为51～846kg／10^4m^2,其优势种类是黑梢真鲨、灰三齿鲨。