The Association Analysis Between 4 Major Genes and Reproductive Traits in British Landrace Pigs

The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes associated with reproduction traits and explore the available molecular marker in British Landrace pig breed. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the distribution of estrogen receptor (ESR), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), leptin (LEP) and follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) genes in British Landrace pigs. The genetic effects of ESR, RBP4, LEP and FSHβ on the reproductive traits included total number born, number born alive, weaning weight of litter, weaning piglet, which were analyzed by using least square method of SPSS 19.0 software. This results demonstrated that A was dominant allele in ESR, RBP4, LEP genes, and B was dominant allele in FSHβ gene. The result of χ² test showed that the polymorphic sites of LEP, FSHβ genes were fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), while this site of ESR and RBP4 were not fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). In addition, the statistical analysis indicated that the total number born, number born alive and number of alive weaning litter with BB genotype of LEP were higher than AA genotype, which were significantly increased by 1.3219, 1.6855 and 1.1710 (P<0.05), respectively;The FSHβ loci had a remarkable effect on reproductive performance, the average weaning weight with BB genotype was significantly higher than AA genotype, which was significantly increased by 5.1129 kg (P<0.05). The ESR and RBP4 loci had no significant effect on reproductive traits (P>0.05), while the LEP and FSHβ genes were valuable candidates for possible marker-assisted selection in British Landrace pigs population.     

Study on the Changes of Reproductive Hormone and Regulation of Follicle Development During the Reproductive Cycle of Yili Goose in Xinjiang

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of reproductive hormone and regulation of follicle development during the reproductive cycle of Yili goose in Xinjiang. 2 years old Yili goose were chosen which were in good health and similar weight. 32 samples were randomly selected to take blood samples for hormone detection during the laying, broodiness and ceased periods, and 15 samples were randomly selected to gather ovarian tissue for the observation of the development of ovary and follicular. The results showed that during the laying period, the GnRH of the Yili goose was extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 16.78% and 58.29% (P<0.01);PRL was significantly lower than the broodiness period of 13.00% (P<0.05), and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 28.94% (P<0.01); FSH was higher than the broodiness period of 6.98% (P>0.05),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 21.12% (P<0.01); LH was extremely significantly lower than the broodiness period of 8.38% (P<0.01),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 16.84% (P<0.01); E₂ were extremely significantly higher than that the broodiness and ceased periods of 29.80% and 112.40% (P<0.01); P₄ levels were extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 28.89% and 30.34% (P<0.01). The ovary volume and weight of Yili goose were extremely significantly higher than that of broodiness and ceased periods (P<0.01). In the laying period, the mature follicles of Yili goose were significantly larger than that of the broodiness and resting periods, the number of secondary follicles was more and the number of primary follicles was lesser. Ovarian growth and mature follicle atresia, granule layer shrinkage, inward depression, cytoplasmic cavity, follicular atrophy at all levels in the broodiness period. The follicle cytoplasmic cavity of the ovary was larger in the ceased period than broodiness period, and inward concave further deeper, a large number of primordial follicles evenly arranged. Thus, during the laying period, the responses of GnRH, E₂ and LH of Yili goose were active and played a leading role on the development of ovarian and follicular. PRL and LH maintained a high level of secretion, cooperated to maintain the broodiness behavior during the broodiness period.     

Effects of Oxytropis glabra DC Poisoning on the Reproductive Organs in Hetian Sheep Ewes

The study was aimed to research the effects of Oxytropis glabra DC (O.glabra DC) poisoning on reproductive organs coefficent, reproductive performance and related gene expression in Hetian sheep ewes. The sera, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of Hetian sheep ewes cases poisoning of O. glabra DC were collected, the organ exponent and contents of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum were measured, then the mRNA expression of reproductive genes were measured. The result demonstrated that the index of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were extremely significantly higher than normal sheep (P < 0.01),the follicle number on the surface of the ovaries in poisoning groups were significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.05). The result of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nuclear of neuronal cells in hypothalamus were pyknosis and hyperchromatic; The nuclear of cells in pituitary deformation and hyperchromatic, cytoplasm decreased; The primary oocyte in ovary dissolved, disappeared, interstitial blood vessel expanded. The content of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum in poisoned Hetian sheep ewes were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression levels of Kiss-1, GPR54, ERα in hypothalamus, GnRHR in pituitary and FSHR and LHR in ovary were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The result showed that O. glabra DC poisoning could affect Hetian sheep ewes reproductive system by affecting microstructure and ultrastructure of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis.     

孕鼠暴露双酚A对仔鼠存活率、生殖激素及相关基因的影响

为了研究孕鼠在孕期暴露双酚A（bisphenol A,BPA）对仔鼠生殖激素及相关基因的影响,试验将40只昆明孕鼠随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,每组10只。其中A组为对照组,饲喂普通鼠粮;B、C、D组孕鼠整个妊娠期（妊娠1 d至分娩）分别按每只鼠每天50、500、2 500 mg/kg体重给予BPA,待孕鼠自然分娩,观察记录仔鼠死亡情况。至仔鼠性成熟（56日龄）剖杀仔鼠,摘取睾丸或卵巢称重并计算脏器指数,HE染色观察卵巢或睾丸组织结构的变化,ELISA试剂盒分析仔鼠血清睾酮（T）、促卵泡素（FSH）及雌二醇（E₂）水平,免疫组织化学方法检测仔鼠睾丸或卵巢Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测仔鼠睾丸StAR、CYP11a或卵巢AMH、Kitlg mRNA表达。结果显示,孕鼠暴露BPA极显著增加了仔鼠死亡率（P<0.01）,显著降低了仔鼠睾丸重（P<0.05）。ELISA检测结果表明,孕鼠暴露BPA极显著降低了仔鼠T（♂）及FSH（♀）含量（P<0.01）,极显著升高了仔鼠（♀） E₂水平（P<0.01）。HE染色结果显示,随BPA剂量增加,仔鼠睾丸组织损伤严重,间质细胞减少;卵巢组织结构随BPA剂量增大,空泡逐渐增多,黄体颗粒数量逐渐减少。免疫组化结果显示,孕鼠暴露BPA增加了仔鼠睾丸或卵巢组织中Bax阳性蛋白表达,减少了Bcl-2阳性蛋白表达,显著降低了雄性仔鼠StAR mRNA表达量（P<0.05）;B、D组雄性仔鼠CYP11a mRNA表达量极显著降低（P<0.01）,而C组CYP11a mRNA表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;C、D组雌鼠Kitlg mRNA表达极显著降低（P<0.01）,AMH mRNA表达量显著升高（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,孕鼠妊娠期暴露不同剂量BPA增加了仔鼠死亡率,扰乱了生殖激素平衡和睾丸/卵巢中相关凋亡蛋白及生殖基因表达。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP2抗原表位区的原核表达及免疫原性分析

试验旨在表达纯化猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP2重组蛋白。利用PCR技术扩增获得大小为750 bp的NSP2 226－475位氨基酸编码序列,然后将该序列亚克隆到pET-28a（+）表达载体上,通过pET-28a（+）表达载体在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami 2（DE3）pLys中得以表达,获得大小为29 ku的重组蛋白,对重组蛋白诱导时间进行优化,SDS-PAGE显示重组蛋白在37 ℃经1 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h时表达量最大,免疫印迹结果证实表达的蛋白能被PRRSV阳性血清识别,具有良好的免疫原性。本研究成功表达纯化了NSP2重组蛋白,为目标蛋白作为包被抗原建立检测PRRSV血清抗体的ELISA方法奠定了基础。     

小花棘豆中毒对和田羊母羊繁殖器官的影响

试验旨在探讨小花棘豆（Oxytropis glabra DC）中毒对和田羊母羊繁殖器官指数、性激素水平和相关基因mRNA表达量的影响。以小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊为研究对象,采集血清后屠宰,采集试验羊的丘脑、垂体和卵巢组织,测定其脏器系数,检测血清中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E₂）和孕酮（P₄）含量的变化,并检测各组织中相关繁殖基因的表达。结果显示,小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊丘脑、垂体和卵巢指数均极显著升高（P < 0.01）,且卵巢表面卵泡数显著下降（P < 0.05）,HE染色表明丘脑神经元细胞固缩、浓染;垂体中细胞核变形、浓染,胞浆减少;卵巢中初级卵母细胞溶解、消失,间质血管扩张。小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊血清中GnRH、FSH、LH、E₂和P₄含量均极显著下降（P < 0.01）,丘脑中Kiss-1、GPR54、ERα mRNA,垂体中GnRHR mRNA和卵巢中FSHR、LHR mRNA表达量均极显著下降（P < 0.01）。结果表明,小花棘豆毒性成分可通过丘脑-垂体-性腺轴影响和田羊母羊的生殖系统。     

海狸色獭兔与皱襞型獭兔不同交配组合生产性能比较研究

试验为探究海狸色獭兔与皱襞型獭兔不同交配组合生产性能比较,随机选取6~7月龄健康皱襞型獭兔和海狸色獭兔各40只（30只母兔和10只公兔）,进行不同交配组合试验,分别为海狸纯繁组（海狸色獭兔（♂）×海狸色獭兔（♀））、皱襞纯繁组（白色皱襞型獭兔（♂）×白色皱襞型獭兔（♀））、正交组（海狸色獭兔（♂）×白色皱襞型獭兔（♀））和反交组（白色皱襞型獭兔（♂）×海狸色獭兔（♀））,测定母兔繁殖性能和后代生长性能、屠宰性能及被毛品质。结果显示：正交组初生窝重320.71 g、产仔数6.71只、泌乳力1 727.43 g、仔兔断奶成活率83.91%、仔兔断奶窝重5 304.14 g、幼兔料重比4.06、屠宰率62.43%、皮张面积1 160.20 cm²、被毛密度15 951.70根/cm²、被毛细度16.32 μm、粗毛率6.83%;反交组初生窝重315.14 g、产仔数6.52只、泌乳力1 710.00 g、仔兔断奶成活率80.19%、仔兔断奶窝重4 814.82 g、幼兔料重比4.30、屠宰率62.93%、皮张面积1 172.20 cm²、被毛密度16 092.01根/cm²、被毛细度16.43 μm、粗毛率6.78%,经比对两组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;而海狸色纯繁组的初生窝重、产仔数、泌乳力、仔兔断奶成活率、仔兔断奶窝重、皮张面积、被毛密度、被毛细度均较皱襞型纯繁组低、而幼兔料重比、屠宰率及粗毛率均较皱襞型纯繁组高,经比对两个纯繁组间除料重比、屠宰率、被毛细度和粗毛率差异不显著外（P>0.05）,其他各指标差异均显著（P<0.05）。综上所述,正交组合亲代的繁殖性能及F1代的生长性能和屠宰性能均略好于反交组合;而反交组合F1代的被毛品质略好于正交组合。     

骨形态发生蛋白15基因与绵羊繁殖性能关系的研究进展

为促进国内绵羊繁殖性能选育水平的进一步优化和提高,作者选择近年来研究者较为关注的影响繁殖性状的骨形态发生蛋白15（bone morphogeneticprotein 15,BMP15）基因,对其研究进展进行梳理,分析整理其研究方向和路径。通过对该基因的信号传导、作用机理,以及其对绵羊繁殖性能影响和在国内绵羊育种生产研究实践的讨论发现,国内该基因的研究无论在作用机理,还是在标记辅助选择应用方面都还不够深入,有待更多的学者参与相关研究,并为国内该基因的研究和绵羊标记辅助选择提供参考。     

Retracted: Gonad histology and serum 11‐KT profile during the annual reproductive cycle in sterlet sturgeon adult males,Acipenser ruthenus

The aim of this study was to assess monthly testicular development in the cultured breeding stock of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, using histological and serum sex steroid changes. Testicular development in the adult male was examined monthly and showed four distinct phases including resting, pre‐spawning, spawning and post‐spawning. Also, seasonal changes of the testes were described according to its variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) during different phases of testicular development. Using histology, we identified continuous spermatogenesis and asynchronous gonad development pattern in the testes of male sterlet, which shows that regulation of annual gonadal cycle is influenced by season. Results also showed variation in the GSI value and number of spermatogenic cells according to each season during annual cycle of gonad, as the highest value of GSI was recorded during spawning phase (spring; March‐May). Hormonal profiles of 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) showed peak, which indicated a seasonal pattern of gonadal development. The 11‐KT concentration increased considerably during the spermatogenesis (pre‐spawning phase) and remained quite high throughout the pre‐spermiation period. In the final phase of testicular development (spawning phase), the 11‐KT markedly dropped. This study undertook an examination of complete reproductive development in cultured sterlet sturgeon to provide a valuable guide for the future sterlet studies, and allows comparison of reproductive development between sturgeon species.