微量元素硒对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

为了研究微量元素硒水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响。试验以50只成年獭兔作为研究对象,随机分成五个组,即在每千克饲料中分别添加0 mg、0.09 mg、0.18 mg、0.36 mg、0.72 mg硒,与对照组(0 mg/kg)比较,结果表明每千克饲料中添加0.18 mg的硒对獭兔的繁殖性能影响显著,其中獭兔的受胎率、产仔数及仔兔初生重均较对照组有明显的促进作用,分别较对照组增加3.33%、13.32%、8.7%。     

遮阴和干旱对荩草克隆生长和有性繁殖及权衡关系的影响

以可建植边坡草坪的野生荩草为材料,设置遮阴(5个水平)和干旱(4个水平)交互形成的20个组合处理,测定克隆生长性状和有性繁殖数量及生物量结构,分析不同遮阴和干旱组合处理下克隆效率指数(CEI)、繁殖分配(RA)、繁殖效率指数(REI)、繁殖指数(RI)、繁殖比率(RR)的差异,研究遮阴和干旱对荩草克隆生长和有性繁殖及权衡关系的影响,结果表明:1)遮阴和干旱对克隆子株数及克隆效率指数有显著影响,中、重度干旱和≥10%遮阴显著降低了子株数(P<0.05),干旱对CEI无影响、遮阴降低了CEI,交互作用极显著降低了基株的子株数和CEI(P<0.01)。2)遮阴和干旱对母株、子株和基株的花穗数和小花数,对繁殖器官生物量(ROB)、非繁殖器官生物量(NROB)和总生物量(TB)有显著影响(P<0.05),轻、中度干旱或10%～30%遮阴或轻度遮阴和轻度干旱组合可显著增加母株、子株、基株的花穗数和小花数,轻度干旱或10%遮阴或轻度干旱和轻度遮阴组合可显著增加TB和ROB,交互作用是影响基株花穗数和小花数、TB、ROB和NROB的主要因子,干旱对TB和NROB影响次之,遮阴对ROB影响较大。3)遮阴和干旱对RA、REI、RI和RR有显著影响(P<0.05),轻中度干旱或10%遮阴可提高基株的繁殖参数,重度干旱或≥30%遮阴度降低了有性繁殖(P<0.05),轻度遮阴和轻度干旱组合比单一处理更利于有性繁殖,轻度干旱可缓解中重度遮阴对有性繁殖的影响,繁殖参数主要受交互作用影响,遮阴次之,干旱较小。4)荩草可依据遮阴和干旱胁迫程度,进行克隆生长和有性繁殖权衡,遮阴≥30%可延长克隆生长10～34d,中、重度干旱缩短克隆生长而促进有性繁殖,≥10%遮阴可缓解重度干旱对有性繁殖的影响(P<0.05)。5)20个遮阴和干旱组合处理下荩草均能同时维持两种繁殖方式,水分充足和全光照利于克隆生长,轻中度干旱和轻度遮阴单一或组合处理利于有性繁殖,遮阴和干旱交互影响增加了荩草的两种繁殖能力。     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

2018年中国部分地区猪瘟病毒2.1d亚型新流行株的基因组特征分析

为了解中国猪瘟病毒（classical swine fever virus,CSFV）的分子流行病学及遗传变异情况,本研究应用RT-PCR方法对2018年采集自河南、河北、山东、黑龙江和辽宁5个省份的350份疑似CSFV感染的病料进行E2和NS5B基因扩增,并对PCR产物进行测序和序列分析。结果显示,350份样品中21份为CSFV阳性,共获得14株CSFV的E2基因序列和7株CSFV的部分NS5B基因序列。E2全基因、NS5B部分基因序列分析表明,21份阳性样品均属于近年来在中国流行的CSFV 2.1d亚型,且新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV与中国较早2.1d亚型CSFV毒株间同源性差异不大,新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV分离株在E2基因的6个氨基酸（R³¹、S³⁴、W¹⁸²、K²⁰⁵、K³⁰³、A³³¹）上具有相同的分子特征,E2蛋白中15个位点上的半胱氨酸均未发生变异。韩国2.1d亚型CSFV在E2蛋白上具有3个独特的氨基酸（N⁹⁷、K¹⁵⁹、R²⁰⁵）特征,并且发现了韩国毒株YC11WB可能作为2.1b和2.1d亚型CSFV过渡毒株的证据,流行于中国和韩国的2.1d亚型CSFV可能分别来自于本国早期2.1b亚型CSFV的衍化。本研究证实,2018年中国及周边国家CSFV较为活跃,且流行毒株依然以2.1d亚型为主,为中国科学防控CSFV提供了依据。     

商品化猪丹毒疫苗分类及特点

文章介绍了5种商品化猪丹毒疫苗的种类、毒株组成、抗原含量及相应免疫程序,为了解各种类型的猪丹毒商品化疫苗提供参考。     

Antiviral effect of dietary germanium biotite supplementation in pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Germanium biotite (GB) is an aluminosilicate mineral containing 36 ppm germanium. The present study was conducted to better understand the effects of GB on immune responses in a mouse model, and to demonstrate the clearance effects of this mineral against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of a feed supplement that would promote immune activity and help prevent diseases. In the mouse model, dietary supplementation with GB enhanced concanavalin A (ConA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation and increased the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. In pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV, viral titers in lungs and lymphoid tissues from the GB-fed group were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group 12 days post-infection. Corresponding histopathological analyses demonstrated that GB-fed pigs displayed less severe pathological changes associated with PRRSV infection compared to the control group, indicating that GB promotes PRRSV clearance. These antiviral effects in pigs may be related to the ability of GB to increase CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte production observed in the mice. Hence, this mineral may be an effective feed supplement for increasing immune activity and preventing disease.     

A mail survey of factors affecting performance in 627 selected sheep flocks in south-eastern Norway

Abstract

Factors influencing rate of barren ewes, number of lambs born per pregnant ewe, and autumn live weight of the lambs were studied in 627 Norwegian sheep flocks based on herd level data from the Norwegian Sheep Recording System and a mailed questionnaire to the sheep farmers. The following factors were significantly associated (P<0.05) with rate of barren ewes: breed, herd average lambing date, type of production/age of farmer, routines for treatments for parasites, and housing type. Number of lambs born per pregnant ewe was significantly associated with rate of barren ewes, herd average lambing date, breed, percentage grass silage of total roughage, and no separation of gimmers during the housing period. Corrected autumn live weight of the lambs was significantly associated with breed, flock size, lambs born per pregnant ewe, no separation of gimmers during the housing period, and type of summer pasture.     

The Standardization of an Apparatus for the Mixing of Soil Samples for Nematode Extractions

Quantitative determination of nematode populations in soils frequently necessitates the mixing of representative soil samples to form a homogeneous, compound sample from which the nematodes are extracted. A mixing apparatus was developed and standardized with the aid of a spectrophotometric technique by which the dispersion of a dye through the soil during mixing could be determined. It was found that the mixer is most suitable for use on sandy loam soils. Optimal mixing is obtained at a speed of 15 rpm for 2 minutes. Under these conditions mechanical damage to nematodes during mixing is minimal.     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.