残疾康复信息资源共建共享体系建设研究

对残疾康复信息资源共建共享体系建设的意义和可行性进行了分析,提出了残疾康复
信息资源共建共享的发展对策。

     

基于现代康复医学理论体系对中医康复的应用与研究之思考

具备完整理论体系的现代康复医学正飞速发展且疗效显著,中医康复学历史悠久、疗效突出,但缺乏完整康复医学理论体系,借鉴现代康复医学理论体系来进一步发展中医康复学值得思考。通过查阅相关文献资料、当代研究成果,结合临床体会从两者的优势与不足以及可借鉴应用与研究之处进行论述。在对中医康复医学的应用与研究过程中,我们既要发挥好中医康复学的独特优势,同时要思考如何引进现代康复医学发展的经验,进一步提高治疗技术和对功能障碍的认识及规范疗效评价体系,充分发挥其优势,丰富具有中国特色的康复医学体系。     

云南乌蒙山区特色林产业发展现状及对策

基于对乌蒙山区绥江、鲁甸、会泽和罗平4县的调研,指出了乌蒙山区发展特色林产业还存在着造林难度较大,资金投入严重不足,技术力量薄弱,缺乏龙头企业,经营水平低等问题．藉此,提出加大对龙头企业的培植与扶持力度,提高特色林产业集约化经营水平等对策以及将乌蒙山区纳入全省退耕还林重点区域,加大对特色林产业发展的扶持力度等建议．     

Improving aquaculture in post‐tsunami Aceh,Indonesia: experiences and lessons in better management and farmer organizations

Coastal aquaculture in Aceh was severely affected by the Asian Tsunami in December 2004. Capacity building among stakeholders was one of the key activities implemented by various agencies during the post‐tsunami aquaculture rehabilitation and subsequent development phase. The main objective was improving production efficiencies and farmer incomes. This article describes the process of implementation of the approach and crop outcomes until the end of 2009. In 2009, 1135 farmers and their 1296 ponds were ‘organized’ in 27 clusters across 84 villages of three districts to implement better management practices (BMP). Interventions reduced the prevalence of shrimp disease outbreaks significantly in participating ponds (22.45%) compared with non‐participating ponds (62.64%). Among the normal harvested ponds, though there was no significant improvement in shrimp yield but costs of shrimp production were significantly reduced by 12.1% and benefit cost ratio was significantly increased by 0.523 points in normal harvested participating ponds compared with normal harvested non‐participating ponds. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with 27 independent variables including a set of BMP showed that many factors were significantly associated with the normal harvests, improved yield and profits. The study shows that simple management improvements can reduce risks and improve economic returns.     

天然混交林水土保持生态修复技术研究

应用群落边缘效应原理和林窗更新等生态学理论,根据种间关联性分析结果,确定林分内建群种与各种群的种间关系,对与建群种有竞争关系的树种进行适宜间伐,形成林窗和边缘界面层。根据群落空间分布格局和林下更新的分析,阐明适宜人工干预对生态修复的促进作用,为水土保持建设提供一种新的有效途径。     

Response of arthropod communities to plant-community rehabilitation efforts after strip mining on the semi-arid west coast of South Africa§

Strip mining in arid ecosystems causes extreme ecological destruction that may take decades to recover. The present study examined the effect of different plant-community rehabilitation treatments on arthropods after strip mining in the arid Namaqualand region of South Africa. Vegetation cover and plant species richness were significantly lower at all rehabilitated sites compared with those at a reference site. Arthropod species richness did not differ amongst the different treatments and the reference site. Except for the most recently rehabilitated site, arthropod abundance in all guilds was higher at all treatments compared with that of the reference site. Overall arthropod abundance was positively correlated to plant cover and negatively correlated to plant species richness, but these vegetation characteristics had no effect on arthropod species richness. This may be explained by a high cover of pioneer plants at the rehabilitated sites, which offer ample food for generalist arthropod taxa. Arthropod community composition differed significantly between treatments. We demonstrate that rehabilitation of ecosystem function after mining in arid systems is a lengthy process, even after implementation of intensive rehabilitation protocols. We also show that arthropod communities provide additional insights into the level of ecosystem recovery otherwise obscured when only considering plant community data.     

Veld management in the communal areas of Ciskei

Veld management in Ciskei is based predominantly on a communal land tenure system, and livestock is produced under a ‘Group Ranch’ system. Stocking rates are excessively high and consequently veld degradation is severe, resulting in a lowered carrying capacity and low efficiency indicators such as weaning percentage. Veld rehabilitation programmes during the 1960s resulted in some improvement in veld condition, but also caused bush encroachment and selective grazing. Factors limiting veld rehabilitation are of a political, socio‐economic and technical nature, the most important being overstocking, the land tenure system and incorrect land use. A solution to the continued degradation of the veld depends on the commitment of the government to a development strategy which addresses factors such as freehold tenure, education and the provision of incentive for profitable production.     

湖南森林恢复与发展项目经营模式设计

为恢复雪灾受损森林资源,提高湖南森林生态系统对气候灾害的适应性和抗逆性,在世界银行贷款湖南森林恢复与发展项目支持下,以发挥森林生态效益为目标、以多功能森林经营为指导思想、以近自然经营技术为实现途径,考虑林分现状和适地适树原则,提出了以造林恢复经营、补植和天然更新等为手段相结合的8种森林经营模式,以增加树种多样性、改善林分结构,充分发挥森林的多功能效应。旨在为保障湖南国土生态安全,促进绿色湖南建设,以及应对全球气候变化和增加森林碳汇贡献力量。     

甘肃黄土高原生态修复与重建战略思考

通过对甘肃黄土高原地区社会—经济—生态系统的科学考察,以实地调查资料和文献资料为依据,对甘肃黄土高原植被修复与重建的环境和理论基础综合分析,提出了物种选择及搭配、模式布局、植被建植和促进恢复等技术策略,以及生态规划尺度、社会运行机制、资源协调配置等政策导向,从而为甘肃黄土高原地区生态持续恢复,消除区域甚至全国生态退化提供帮助.     

黄土区大型露天煤矿排土场景观格局分析——以平朔矿区为例

在矿区废弃地的恢复中,景观演变的过程及空间格局研究,对矿区的生态安全、土地资源可持续发展具有重要的作用。本研究以山西平朔矿区为例,在对矿区地貌、植被、土壤等景观要素调查分析的基础上,在MAP-GIS技术的支持下,运用景观生态学原理,采用景观多样性、优势度、分离度、均匀度、破碎度等景观指数,对南排土场的原地貌和复垦地貌的景观空间格局进行了分析比较,结果表明：南排土场景观由于地形特征和人为干预的原因,耕地斑块减少,林地斑块增加显著,新增了草地景观斑块类型,斑块形状比原地貌趋于规整,林地的多样性和优势度明显增大,而分离度则降低。说明南排土场生态系统在人工的正确诱导下,已形成以林地为景观基质的复垦地景观,且植被的多样性也比原地貌生态系统丰富。