浑善达克地区生态环境劣化原因分析及治理对策

本文阐述了浑善达克沙化草原区的自然环境特征、社会经济情况和生态环境退化现状。从系统物流平衡、环境气候变化 ,以及人类活动对草地生态系统的影响等方面探讨了该地区生态环境劣变的原因。分析结果表明 ,放牧畜牧业是该地区的牧业主要生产方式 ,家畜是生态系统中植被的主要控制者 ,系统内物流 (以 N为例 )的出入失调和季节性的草 -畜供求失衡是引起草地生态系统迅速退化的主要因素。而其它因素 (如气候变化、垦荒、挖药材等 )对系统的劣变起了推波助澜的作用。著者指出 ,增加向系统内的物质投入 ,调整四季放牧的自然畜牧业生产方式 ,积极引种入牧 ,缓解草地春季敏感期放牧压力等 ,是治理和维护该地区草地生态系统健康的有效措施     

滇皂荚--退耕还林的好树种

滇皂荚(Gleditsia japonicar var.delavayi)产云南，具有保水、保肥、深根、耐脊薄等特点，同时其皂仁、皂刺和皂荚又具有较高的经济和药用价值，是典型的生态经济兼用型树种。该树种目前造林技术成熟、生态经济效益好，是退耕还林的好树种。     

Water use traits and survival mechanisms of psammophytes in arid ecosystems

A combination of dune-scale observation to distinguish psammophyte distribution, field experiments to determine gradients of soil moisture and physicochemical properties, and controlled quantitative manipulation for psammophytes water use traits was employed to study an arid desert margin area in China. This study aims to: (1) interpret the survival mechanisms of plants in arid desert ecosystems, especially for pioneer species; (2) interpret the links among distribution pattern, stress-gradients, and water use traits; (3) discuss the mechanisms and probable succession processes under natural fixation for artificial ecosystem rehabilitation; and (4) discuss the possibility of recognizing quantified water use traits as a predictor to compare the variations in adaptability among different species. We classified seven psammophytes into three major types in terms of water use: prodigal, moderate, and frugal plants. Results showed that vegetation cover of all the dominant species, including shrubs and herbs, was negatively correlated with diurnal transpiration at rhizosphere moisture (P < 0.01, R² = 0.94). Herbaceous pioneer species (e.g., Agriophyllum squarrosum) survive harsh environments (shifting, hot and arid surface of dunes) by prodigal water use (high transpiration rate), low species cover, and fast production (high water use efficiency, which peaks at low soil moisture). By contrast, intrusive species (e.g., Eragrostis poaeoides) behaved as frugal plants to survive drought, thereby maintaining high vegetation cover and biomass, as well as soil water equilibration.     

Site selection for Haloxylon ammodendron plantation based on soil factors

The success of plantation, establishment, and growth of trees and shrubs is an important concern in afforestation efforts. There have been extensive efforts to use Haloxylon ammodendron in many desert areas throughout the world in desert combating projects, but these efforts have not always been successful, despite high costs. In this study, we propose a new application of fuzzy decision-making method for selecting suitable sites for the growth of this species. We determine, based on available autecological studies, the most effective factors in desert habitats, and a fuzzy membership function is designed for each of the factors. A suitability index is constructed by unifying the fuzzified factors. This model is then applied to an actual plantation area to evaluate the suitability of different parts of this trial area. Finally, the predicted results are compared to the actual rate of success, based on the canopy cover percentage. The coefficient of determination for the observed canopy cover percentage plotted against the predicted suitability values is higher than 98%, which demonstrates that the presented fuzzy decision-making approach is potentially a powerful tool in site selection for this and, probably, other species.     

“2014年青岛世园会”百果山园区岩壁景观的生态恢复与重建

由于长期开采花岗岩建筑石材,“2014年青岛世园会”百果山园区的花岗岩丘陵上遗留有6处开采石材形成的岩石崖壁。在园区建设过程中,将这6处岩石崖壁分为坡度70°以下的岩石崖壁和坡度70°以上的岩石崖壁2类,并遵循可行性原则、地域性原则和美学原则,分别提出了2类岩石崖壁景观的生态恢复与重建措施。其中,坡度70°以下的岩石崖壁可采取底层采石坑回填、“钻孔植绿”与“筑巢复绿”等措施进行生态恢复与重建;坡度70°以上的岩石崖壁可采取布鲁特罩面网垂直绿化技术、人工植生槽与顶部筑营养槽相结合,建造人工流水景观,建造人造雾喷景观,融入雕塑艺术等措施进行生态恢复与重建。     

微藻水环境修复及研究进展

水资源危机已成为人类面临的最大挑战,污水再利用是解决这一难题的重要途径。微藻（micropalgae）是指那些需要借助于显微镜等工具辨别的微型藻类的总称,对污水具有很强的清洁能力,能够高效清除污水中的N和P,在水环境修复中,微藻具有广阔的发展前景。阐述了微藻修复水环境污染的优势、特点和现状,综述了微藻修复受污染水环境的机理,处理氮磷有机物、重金属污水和水厂污泥的研究进展,并对微藻修复的综合利用提出展望。     

沂蒙山水土保持生态修复试点工程区空气负离子变化特征

为了科学评价沂蒙山水土保持生态修复试点工程区环境空气状况,采用日本生产的ITC201A型空气离子测量仪,对修复区不同生态修复类型空气负离子浓度变化情况进行了初步实测与研究,并综合运用CI法、FCI法和隶属度U法3种负离子评价模型对其空气质量进行了评价。结果表明,3种负离子评价模型的评价结果基本一致,即退耕台田苹果经济林地的空气质量最好,其次是麻标×椴树阔叶混交林、黑松针叶纯林、退耕梯田和荒草地的,道路空气质量较差。有林地区空气负离子浓度明显高于无林地区,阔叶林地空气负离子浓度高于针叶林地。在生态修复措施上注重退耕梯田建设保证修复区粮食安全的基础上,应首先加强退耕台田经济林和生态林封禁措施的实施,田间道路两旁应栽植道路防护林,改善生态修复区内道路周围的空气质量。     

农林复合经营在云南省退耕还林工程中的应用

分析云南省退耕还林存在着造林树种及模式单一等诸多问题,针对这些问题,阐述了农林复合经营模式在退耕还林中的应用情况,认为在退耕还林中要保持农户长久、高度的积极性和保证长远的经济效益,就必须全面推行农林复合经营模式,让农林复合经营技术成为退耕还林的主要技术手段.     

辽宁省工业原料林建设对生态环境影响及对策分析

介绍辽宁省自然气候特点及工业原料林基地建设现状,从森林资源总量、地下水、水土流失和土地沙化、生物多样性、森林景观、土壤肥力、环境承载力等几方面对原料林建设的不利影响进行分析,并论述了相应的避免措施、减援措施和生态恢复措施,认为原料林建设不会造成重大的环境问题．     

对南方雨雪冰冻灾后林业恢复重建工作的几点思考

通过对广西雨雪冰冻灾情的调研,分析了林业灾情影响的社会性、长久性、严重性,提出进一步深化对灾情影响的认识,尽快组织灾情调查评估,科学实施灾害林竹清理,切实编制恢复重建规划,加强森林"三防"工作等5项建议。