基于水资源的坝上植被生态恢复建设

在半干旱地区水资源是植被生态建设的主要限制因子,也是农牧交错区生态恢复与重建的根本。本文根据坝上各县水资源调查资料,分析了水资源在坝上的时空分布特征、与光温资源的耦合程度;探讨了水资源的分布规律对植被生长与分布的影响。研究认为坝上应以自然恢复为主,林草植被恢复建设则应以地带性植被分布规律为依据,以水定草、定林,实现土壤水分的持续利用。     

辽西土石质低山区不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀特征研究

以辽西地区阜新县国华乡二道岭村的二道岭小流域7种土地利用类型为研究对象,通过布设自然坡面径流小区、分析小区径流泥沙观测数据、建立数学模型,探索了辽西土石质低山区坡地产流与侵蚀产沙的特征。研究表明:径流量与侵蚀量有着较好的相关性,二者呈对数函数关系;各种水保措施保土率的排序为水平坑(95.16%)>水平梯田(87.11%)>地埂植物带(83.99%)>横垄耕作(40.23%)>生态修复(29.07%)>顺垄耕作(18.22%)。辽西土石质低山丘陵区5°~15°的坡耕地应以修筑水平坑和水平梯田为主,人少地多、自然条件差的山区应以生态修复为主。     

Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore

• 1. Fibreglass was used to make specially designed reef enhancement units (REUs) for three reef sites in Singapore. Units were established in areas measuring approximately 20 × 50 m.
• 2. The units are compact and light enough to be deployed from small boats by scuba divers, and are suitable for shallow reefs with limited visibility.
• 3. The design of the REUs precludes excessive sediment build‐up on the settlement surfaces, while allowing water currents to flow through the system.
• 4. The REUs were monitored monthly over two years to observe community development and scleractinian coral recruitment on the exterior surfaces. Recruitment was compared between REUs and rubble quadrats at one study site.
• 5. The REUs were colonized by turf algae within the first month, followed by crustose coralline algae, macroalgae, ascidians and hydroids. At the end of two years, the percentage cover of crustose coralline algae at all three sites was more than 50%.
• 6. The first incidence of coral recruitment was six months post deployment, and recruitment rates at the end of the monitoring period ranged from 0.10 to 4.75 recruits per square metre for the three sites. Recruits show better survival and growth on REUs compared to rubble areas.
• 7. The most abundant recruit was Pocillopora damicornis, followed by favids, acroporids and poritids.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震扰动区生态修复的概念与四拗

分析提出地震扰动区生态修复的概念,就是在重力侵蚀造成的植被破损处打＂补丁＂。进而分析了植被重建的土、水、树木种苗和当地人四要素的基本特性,分别为土碎、水漫、籽拗、羊狠,均具有执拗特质,合称＂四拗＂,是生态修复的难点所在,均具成败与否的决定性作用。     

刍议水土保持生态修复工程的监测内容

在分析生态修复的生态学原理,总结水土保持生态修复的实践方法、特点及其监测目标的基础上,提出了水土保持生态修复监测内容设计的原则和监测指标体系。监测指标包括反映生态修复工程状况和反映生态修复工程效益等两个方面,这些指标包涵了水土保持生态修复工程范围内生态系统的主要组分及其变化速率、修复工程类型及其数量质量以及水土流失状况等。     

漓江上游红壤侵蚀区不同植被群落环境因子差异

 为给漓江流域红壤侵蚀区植被恢复和重建提供科学理论依据,研究漓江上游流域红壤侵蚀区主要植被类型群落内小气候环境因子的差异,采用“以空间导时间”的方法分析植被退化过程中主要环境因子的变化。在植被退化的过程中,由于植被群落结构和物种组成的退化,主要的小气候环境因子均发生比较明显的变化,主要表现:针阔混交林类型群落和常绿阔叶林类型群落照度的垂直差异和时间变化非常小,而草丛群落以及灌丛群落的照度存在比较明显的垂直差异,光照强度随高度的增加而增大,在150cm以上的高度,照度的时间变化比较明显;针阔混交林类型群落和常绿阔叶林类型群落气温的垂直变化非常小,一般在0．5℃以下,在监测时段内其气温的变化幅度在2℃左右,而草丛群落和灌丛群落气温的垂直变化和时间变化相对较大,气温垂直变化的幅度最大可达到6℃; 针阔混交林类型群落和常绿阔叶林类型群落空气相对湿度的垂直变化不明显,变化范围一般在5％以下,草丛群落和灌丛群落空气相对湿度的变化幅度比较大,最大可达25％;常绿阔叶林类型群落的土壤内部温度变幅最小,在0．5℃以下,而灌丛群落的波动幅度较大,可达8℃左右。总体而言,在植被退化过程中,光照强度、空气温度、土壤温度和气地温差不断增大,空气湿度逐渐降低,同时,主要小气候环境因子的时空波动性从平缓渐趋剧烈。