花生抗锈病种质筛选及抗性QTL分析

锈病是影响花生产量和品质的主要真菌性病害。本研究以“中花10号×ICG 12625”构建的重组自交系群体(RIL)为材料,在武昌和阳逻两个环境中对其F₈群体进行锈病抗性鉴定,获得了8份抗锈病材料(QT0348、QT0368、QT0400、QT0402、QT0419、QT0458、QT0463和QT0485)。利用前期构建的遗传图谱进行QTL分析,检测到10个与锈病抗性相关的QTL,贡献率为4.54%～10.78%,分布于7条染色体上。其中,qBB06.1和qBB06.4为重复一致的QTL,贡献率为10.76%。根据侧翼标记在物理图谱进行比对,发现对应区段含有193个基因,其中178个基因被注释,功能注释基因中有1个NBS-R基因。本研究结果为花生抗锈病的遗传改良奠定了基础。     

Revisiting rice breeding methods – evaluating the use of rapid generation advance (RGA) for routine rice breeding

Rice production needs to increase in the future in order to meet increasing demands. The development of new improved and higher yielding varieties more quickly will be needed to meet this demand. However, most rice breeding programmes in the world have not changed in several decades. In this article, we revisit the evidence in favour of using rapid generation advance (RGA) as a routine breeding method. We describe preliminary activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to re-establish RGA on a large scale as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding. We also describe experiences from the early adoption at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Evaluation of RGA breeding lines at IRRI for yield, flowering time and plant height indicated transgressive segregation for all traits. Some RGA lines were also higher yielding than the check varieties. The cost advantages of using RGA compared to the pedigree method were also empirically determined by performing an economic analysis. This indicated that RGA is several times more cost effective and advantages will be realized after 1 year even if facilities need to be built. Based on our experience, and previous independent research empirically testing the RGA method in rice, we recommend that this method should be implemented for routine rice breeding in order to improve breeding efficiency.     

Characterization of an Alginate Lyase,FlAlyA, from Flavobacterium sp. Strain UMI-01 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli

A major alginate lyase, FlAlyA, was purified from the periplasmic fraction of an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. FlAlyA showed a single band of ~30 kDa on SDS-PAGE and exhibited the optimal temperature and pH at 55 °C and pH 7.7, respectively. Analyses for substrate preference and reaction products indicated that FlAlyA was an endolytic poly(mannuronate) lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). A gene fragment encoding the amino-acid sequence of 288 residues for FlAlyA was amplified by inverse PCR. The N-terminal region of 21 residues except for the initiation Met in the deduced sequence was predicted as the signal peptide and the following region of six residues was regarded as propeptide, while the C-terminal region of 260 residues was regarded as the polysaccharide-lyase-family-7-type catalytic domain. The entire coding region for FlAlyA was subjected to the pCold I—Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system and ~eight times higher yield of recombinant FlAlyA (recFlAlyA) than that of native FlAlyA was achieved. The recFlAlyA recovered in the periplasmic fraction of E. coli had lost the signal peptide region along with the N-terminal 3 residues of propeptide region. This suggested that the signal peptide of FlAlyA could function in part in E. coli.     

Recombinant Expression of a Modified Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Gene in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Its Characteristic Analysis

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) with a LPS-binding domain (LBD) are considered to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and certain antiviral properties in crustaceans. FcALF2 was one isoform of ALFs isolated from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Our previous study showed that a modified LBD domain (named LBDv) of FcALF2 exhibited a highly enhanced antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a modified FcALF2 gene (mFcALF2), in which the LBD was substituted by LBDv, was designed and synthesized. This gene was successfully expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 eukaryotic expression system, and the characteristics of the recombinant protein mFcALF2 were analyzed. mFcALF2 exhibited apparent antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, mFcALF2 could reduce the propagation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in vivo by pre-incubation with virus. The present study paves the way for developing antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture.     

Cloning of a novel phytase from an anaerobic rumen bacterium,Mitsuokella jalaludinii,and its expression in Escherichia coli

The full length phytase gene of Mitsuokella jalaludinii was successfully cloned and was found to be 1 047 bp in length, with 348 amino acids, and was designated as PHY7 phytase gene. A comparison of the sequence of PHY7 phytase gene of M. jalaludinii with various microbial phytase gene sequences showed that it was not similar to those from other bacteria except Selenomonas ruminatium, thus suggesting that they may both express a new class of phytase. The PHY7 phytase gene was subsequently subcloned into bacterial expression vector, p ET32 a, for expression in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami. Expression of the recombinant phytase gene was optimised and characterised. The recombinant phytase was estimated to be approximately 55 k Da by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant phytase exhibited optimum activity at 55°C, p H 4.5 and showed good p H stability from p H 3.5 to 5.5(78% relative activity). Metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were found to exert significant stimulatory effect on the recombinant phytase activity while Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. The recombinant phytase showed moderate resistance to trypsin proteolysis, but susceptible to pepsin proteolysis. The results of the study showed that several characteristics of recombinant phytase were slightly different from the native enzyme. Unfavourable characteristics such as reduced p H stability and metal ion effects should be taken into consideration during feed enzyme formulation.     

共表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5基因和猪瘟病毒E2基因的重组腺病毒的构建及其在小鼠模型上的免疫原性分析

本研究旨在以复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒为载体,构建一株同时表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株GP5蛋白和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白的重组腺病毒疫苗。首先利用重叠PCR将GP5和E2基因通过口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)2A序列连接,形成一个完整的ORF,并将其克隆到腺病毒穿梭载体中,通过细菌内同源重组构建共表达PRRSVGP5蛋白和CSFVE2蛋白的重组腺病毒(rAdV-GP52AE2)。间接免疫荧光试验和western blot检测证实2个外源基因均获得表达。在小鼠上进行的免疫效力评价结果显示,rAdV-GP52AE2免疫组针对CSFV的中和抗体滴度可达1∶128,针对PRRSV的中和抗体滴度为1∶16;在淋巴细胞增殖试验中,免疫组与阴性对照组在增殖指数上有显著差异,表明该重组腺病毒可以同时诱导抗PRRSV和CSFV的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫。这些结果显示,利用具有自动剪切功能的FMDV2A多肽构建的重组腺病毒有望开发成一种同时预防PRRS和CSF的新型载体疫苗。     

基因工程菌表达效率对细菌总蛋白和包涵体中目的蛋白含量的影响

测定了猪生长激素基因工程菌不同表达效率时细菌总蛋白的含量以及包涵体中重组猪生长激素占包涵体总蛋白的比值。结果表明:随着表达效率的提高,细菌总蛋白含量缓慢增加,最后稳定在一定水平上;当表达效率增加,包涵体中重组猪生长激素占包涵体中总蛋白的百分数也增加,两者上升趋势基本一致。     

微小隐孢子虫重组蛋白CP21的免疫特性

采用微小隐孢子虫CP21基因的原核表达蛋白的抗血清对微小隐孢子虫感染HCT-8细胞进行了体外阻断试验,检测不同浓度抗血清对HCT-8细胞感染隐孢子虫感染率的影响.同时应用纯化的重组CP21蛋白对小鼠进行免疫,检测体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平的变化.对免疫后的小鼠接种微小隐孢子虫,检测重组CP21蛋白对微小隐孢子虫感染的保...     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化复性的猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)Cap重组蛋白作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,获得了3株分泌PCV2-Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7,其染色体平均数为98～103,间接ELISA检测3株细胞培养上清效价分别为1:3125、1:3125、1:15625,小鼠腹水效价分别为1:390000、1:390000、1:1950000.ELISA结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G87F仅与融合表达的PCV2-Cap蛋白反应,而与PET-32a载体表达的蛋白不反应.相加ELISA结果显示3株单克隆抗体对应两个不同的病毒抗原位点.间接免疫荧光结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7能与PCV2发生反应,而不与PCV1发生交叉反应.结果表明所获得的3株单抗是PCV2型特异性的,为PCV1和PCV2鉴别诊断方法的建立奠定了基础.     

狂犬病毒CVS株G基因和N基因共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建

通过引入内部核糖体进入位点序列,构建狂犬病毒G基因和N基因共表达的腺病毒载体。通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到RVG基因、N基因。N基因先亚克隆入pIRES质粒;G基因经Kpn I和Mlu I,pIRES-N质粒经Mlu I、Not I双酶切,回收目的基因后与经Kpn I和Not I双酶切处理的腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV连接,再与pAdEasy-1质粒在BJ5183菌中同源重组产生腺病毒载体质粒。线性化后的重组腺病毒质粒转染293细胞,通过观察报告基因绿色荧光蛋白的表达鉴定重组的腺病毒,RT-PCR 法检测狂犬病毒糖蛋白和核蛋白基因片段。该重组病毒质粒经酶切鉴定与预期结果一致;转染293细胞后观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达;RT-PCR 法可检测到糖蛋白和核蛋白基因片段。试验成功构建了G和N双基因共表达重组腺病毒载体,为狂犬病活载体疫苗的研制提供了依据。