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81.
通过对图书馆服务工作过程的分析,建立以服务中形成的关系为核心的服务模式。揭示在服务工作过程中所形成的人与物、人与人的几种相互关系,指出这些关系是否处于和谐发展状态,对服务质量以及服务效益的提高,具有一定的影响。同时,对反馈信息进行评价,找出差距,理顺关系,进一步优化服务过程,使服务工作处于一种良性循环状态。 相似文献
82.
Mikael Jönsson Lynn Ranåker P. Anders Nilsson Christer Brönmark 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(3):461-468
Abstract – Fish, which are generally visual foragers, experiences reduced reaction distance in visually degraded environments, which has consequences for encounter rates with prey. Small prey is detected at shorter distances than larger prey, and piscivores are therefore predicted to be more strongly affected by visual degradation. In experiments, roach (Rutilus rutilus) were fed two plankton prey types and pike (Esox lucius) were fed Daphnia and larval roach, in clear water, algal turbid water and water coloured brown by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Planktivorous foraging in roach was not affected by visual degradation, while pike foraging on both Daphnia and larval roach was. Pike showed increased reaction distance to Daphnia in visually degraded water, while it was severely reduced with roach as prey even if the visual range was not reduced below pike reaction distances in clear water. Pike foraging on Daphnia was not affected, but when foraging on roach, the reduced search efficiency was counteracted by increased attack rates. However, there was no increase in movement and no difference between turbid and DOM treatments. Effects on piscivores will likely become more pronounced at later life stages as prey size and the reliance on long‐distance detection increases at the same time as changing climatic conditions may further deteriorate the visual conditions in future. 相似文献
83.
Effects of starvation,subsequent feeding and photoperiod on flesh quality in farmed cod (Gadus morhua) 下载免费PDF全文
M. Bjørnevik H. Hansen B. Roth A. Foss E. Vikingstad C. Solberg A.K. Imsland 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(2):285-292
The study was designed to investigate the effect of four cycles of 5 weeks starvation followed by 10‐week refeeding compared with daily feeding under either natural photoperiod or continuous light (LL) regime on body composition and flesh quality in Atlantic cod in sea cages, northern Norway. The fish were sampled for body composition and flesh quality parameters at the start of the trial, twice at the end of a 10‐week feeding period and twice at the end of a 5‐week starvation period. There was effect of both feeding and light regime on growth, the two starving groups losing weight during starvation and regaining weight during refeeding, and the group under LL being heavier. But, the mean overall growth did not vary between groups. Starvation/refeeding regime resulted in higher slaughter yield, but no overall effect was seen on hepatosomatic index, water content, water holding capacity (WHC), muscle pH, hardness or flesh colour compared with control groups. Continuous light increased gutted weight and slaughter yield, lowered WHC and depressed maturation compared with fish under natural light regime. Increased growth rate resulted in softer fillets and lower muscle pH. 相似文献
84.
Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator 下载免费PDF全文
Masafumi Enokidani Kazuhiro Kawai Yasunori Shinozuka Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1134-1140
Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high‐producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk‐meter and vacuum shut‐off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum. 相似文献
85.
Ingestion of foreign bodies is uncommon in horses when compared with indiscriminate grazers such as cattle. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a cervical abscess in a Thoroughbred racehorse thought to be associated with ingestion of wire. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination provided a diagnosis, and conservative treatment of the lesion with antimicrobials initially allowed the lesion to localise closer to the skin for safer surgical exploration. Intra-operative ultrasonographic imaging facilitated surgical access, removal of the foreign body, and drainage. While surgical treatment is usually necessary to resolve an abscess, initially conservative therapy may help to improve the prognosis by simplifying surgical access and reducing the risk of surgical complications. 相似文献
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Isao Tada Minoru Motoki Nobuyoshi Takahashi Tetsuji Miyata Tomoko Takechi Toshiro Uchida Yasushi Takagi 《Pest management science》1996,48(2):165-173
A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thiones (DHPs) was synthesised by treating the corresponding dihydropyrazolones with ‘Lawesson’s reagent and evaluated for miticidal activity against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Of these, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione-4-spirocyclopentane and 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione were highly active (pEC50>4·0) and were more effective than the miticide dicofol (pEC50=3·879), which has traditionally been used for the control of phytophagous mites. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on each position of the pyrazole ring of DHPs. The results indicated that the unsubstituted phenyl, 4-substituted phenyl and thioxo groups on the 1-, 3- and 5-positions of DHPs respectively were required for activity. Quantitative SAR studies using physicochemical parameters of substituents and the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that: (a) the activities of all types of DHPs examined were mainly dominated by hydrophobicity, (b) the bulkiness of 4-substituents of the 3-phenyl ring favoured the activity and (c) the log k′ optimum for all DHPs was 1·675, equivalent to a log Pow value of c. 5·0. 相似文献
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崩岗崩积体土质疏松,抗侵蚀能力弱,其颗粒组成及分形维数有其自身的特性。采用激光粒度分布仪对花岗岩崩岗崩积体及崩壁土样的颗粒进行测定,对其土壤颗粒组成及分形特征进行比较分析。结果如下:崩积体土壤以砾石、砂粒、粉粒含量为主,黏粒含量极低,土壤质地主要为砾石土;崩积体各层次土壤颗粒分形维数均值为2.61~2.70,分形维数值较低,反映了其细颗粒损失情况;黏粒含量是影响土壤颗粒分形维数的主要因素;崩壁土体的颗粒分形维数大小能够表征土壤的理化特征,而崩积体土壤颗粒分形维数无法真实反映崩积体的理化性质。 相似文献