Cultivating High Efficient Bacteria of Degrading Pulping Wastewater by Ultraviolet Mutagenic Technology

Instead of pure bacteria, induction mutation of activated sludge by ultraviolet (Uv) was studied and used to treat pulping wastewater by continuous-flow. The result showed the mutagenic activated sludge had remarkable effect and application potential in pulping wastewater treatment. Comparing with common activated sludge, the mutagenic activated sludge was more suitable for lignose decomposition and had high decomposing efficiency.     

两种载体生物膜中异养细菌数量动态及其氨化作用

用微生物学方法测定了淹没式生物滤器中两种载体生物膜形成过程中异养细菌数量动态及熟化后细菌的氨化作用。结果表明,载体生物膜形成过程中,异养细菌呈逐渐减少的趋势,生物滤器运行前期异养细菌数量高(107～108CFU/g),随着时间的推移逐渐减少(105～106CFU/g);沸石载体生物膜细菌的氨化速率前24h平均为17 45μg/(cm3·h)和26μg/(g·h),无纺布载体生物膜细菌的氨化速率前24h平均为17 41μg/(cm3·h)和59 9μg/(g·h)。     

Health-beneficial effects of probiotics: Its mode of action

It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found.     

乳清酒发酵剂的优选

以2株乳酵母菌、地方性奶酒酵母泥、乳酸菌、丹宝利活性酿酒干酵母为发酵菌种,研究其在乳清酒发酵中各发酵剂的发酵能力、发酵特性并对发酵所得乳清酒品质进行了分析,筛选出5#组合菌种(乳酵母菌2,丹宝利活性酿酒千酵母、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌比例为10:0.1:1)为本研究最佳试验用发酵菌种.     

适用于乳酸菌分类鉴定的分子生物学技术

介绍了几种适用于乳酸茵分类鉴定的分子生物学方法及其原理、优缺点和研究现状.     

趋磁细菌特性及其应用前景

趋磁细菌具有独特的磁场运动特性、生物学特性,其磁小体可作为生物活性物质的固定载体、磁记忆材料等.笔者介绍了趋磁细菌的发现、种类、特点及趋磁细菌在生物导航、重金属废水处理、地质学研究及医学等方面的应用前景.     

Intestinal microbiota differentially affect brush border enzyme activity and gene expression in the neonatal gnotobiotic pig

To study microbial influence on intestinal development pertaining to nutrient digestion, two separate gnotobiotic experiments were performed, each with 16 piglets allocated to four treatment groups: germfree (GF), monoassociation with Escherichia coli, monoassociation with Lactobacillus fermentum or conventionalization with faecal bacteria (CV). Enzyme activity and gene expression of lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and aminopeptidase N (APN) were measured in isolated enterocytes, harvested on day 14, using specific substrates and quantitative PCR respectively. Enterocytes of CV pigs had reduced APN activity, but had increased gene expression relative to GF, making the specific activity:mRNA (A:G) ratio dramatically lower (p < 0.05). Similarly, LPH A:G ratio was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in enterocytes of CV pigs as compared with GF. The results of co‐incubation of L. fermentum, E. coli and faecal bacteria with APN indicate a direct relationship between enzyme inactivation and specific A:G ratio in enterocytes. We conclude that enterocyte up‐regulation of APN expression occurs as either a direct response to microbial colonization or as a feedback mechanism in response to reduced enzyme activity through microbial degradation. This mechanism may play a role in ensuring effective competition of the host with the intestinal microbiota for available nutrients.     

No easy solution for the fractionation of faecal nitrogen in captive wild herbivores: results of a pilot study

Faecal nitrogen (FN) concentration is used as a marker for habitat quality and digestive efficiency in free‐ranging herbivores. In herbivores, FN can be separated into undigested plant N (analysed as the N concentration of the neutral detergent residue) and metabolic faecal N (MFN). It has been suggested that by differential analysis of the faecal fibre‐bound N, the MFN fraction can be further split into a bacterial N and an endogenous N fraction [Hesta et al., Br. J. Nutr. 90 (2003) 1007]. We applied these methods to 96 faecal samples of 48 mammalian herbivore species from zoos. Species were grouped into coprophageous and non‐coprophageous hindgut fermenters and ruminating and non‐ruminating foregut fermenters. Diet was not controlled. The FN decreased with body mass, possibly reflecting higher proportions of concentrates in diets of smaller animals. The proportion of MFN increased with FN, indicating that higher quality food might enhance the gastrointestinal bacterial flora. The only outlier to this pattern was the lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens), confirming the low relevance of fermentative digestion in this herbivorous ‘carnivore’. No relevant differences between the four digestion types were noted. The proportion of endogenous faecal N (32–80% of FN) was always higher than that of bacterial faecal N (7–30%), which contradicts basal understanding of herbivore digestive physiology. Thus, the method of Hesta et al. (2003) does not appear applicable to herbivores. While the results do not exclude the possibility that detailed differences might occur between digestion types, they indicate a high degree of similarity between herbivores that rely on bacterial fermentation, regardless of their digestion type, with respect to metabolic faecal losses.     

添加尿素和乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸秆青贮料品质的影响

我国玉米秸秆资源丰富,由于饲用品质差,而饲用开发利用不足。为了研究尿素、乳酸菌制剂(青宝2号)对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响,试验分别设置添加尿素(3kg/t或6kg/t)、青宝2号(2.5g/t)和青宝2号+尿素(3kg/t+2.5g/t或6kg/t+2.5g/t)5个处理,青贮发酵60d后取样分析。结果表明:玉米秸秆直接青贮,发酵品质较好,但粗蛋白含量较低。尿素(3kg/t或6kg/t)能够显著提高玉米秸青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),乳酸菌制剂(2.5g/t)并没有明显改善玉米秸秆青贮饲料的发酵品质,与单独添加尿素(3kg/t或6kg/t)相比较,尿素和乳酸菌制剂一起添加(3kg/t+2.5g/t或6kg/t+2.5g/t)并没有进一步改善玉米秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质。     

2种硅酸盐细菌对PEG模拟水分胁迫下高羊茅种子萌发的影响

高羊茅是一种应用范围较广的冷季型草坪草。以高羊茅种子为材料,检测了聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫条件下,2种硅酸盐细菌对高羊茅种子萌发的影响。结果表明,PEG胁迫呈剂量效应地抑制高羊茅种子萌发,随着PEG浓度的增加,高羊茅的发芽率和发芽势显著下降。在15%PEG水分胁迫条件下,不同浓度硅酸盐细菌(胶质芽孢杆菌VKPM7519和土壤芽孢杆菌VKPM7517)浸种可提高高羊茅的萌发率,菌液浓度为105CFUml-1时效果最佳,其中VKPM7517在105CFUml-1浓度时的发芽率和发芽势均达到最大值,且差异显著,VKPM7519在105CFUml-1浓度时可提高高羊茅的平均发芽速度。可见,硅酸盐细菌浸种能促进水分胁迫条件下高羊茅种子的萌发,尤其土壤芽孢杆菌的效果最强,表现一定的抗旱潜能。