后河自然保护区野生保护植物优先保护定量研究

笔者在野外调查和查阅文献资料的基础上,研究了湖北五峰后河自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物的分布情况,并运用濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数对其优先保护顺序进行了定量分析.结果表明:①后河自然保护区共有国家重点保护野生植物25种,其中Ⅰ级7种,Ⅱ级18种,分别占湖北省分布的54.4%、87.5%和47.4%;②采用优先...     

赤水市主要竹种生长情况分析

通过对赤水市几种主要竹种的生长情况研究,结果表明:楠竹不同年龄的平均杆质量与总质量之间都存在着一定的差异,随年龄的增加有逐渐降低而趋于平缓的趋势,并且平均杆质量与总质量之间表现出一致的变化规律,但叶质量差异不大,这与楠竹的生长特性密切相关;各竹种因人工经营强度的差别以及不同竹种本身特性的差异,不同竹种年龄结构存在一定的...     

福建青冈天然林种群结构特征和物种多样性

采用相邻格子法,对闽北建瓯福建青冈天然林进行群落调查,分析了福建青冈群落的种类组成、群落物种多样性.结果表明:建瓯福建青冈群落有明显的乔木层,郁闭度较大,林下植被较少;综合分析多样性各个指数,可知建瓯福建青冈群落的单一性较强,多数种群的扩展受到限制,虽然该群落目前是以福建青冈为优势树种的进展演替阶段,但如果一旦生境改变...     

闽北山地杉木纯林和杉阔混交林林下植物多样性研究

对福建省建瓯市的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林及3种杉阔混交林的林下植物多样性进行了调查和分析。结果表明:混交林林下灌木层的丰富度指数和Shannon-wienner多样性指数值均大于草本层,除杉木×鹅掌楸混交林外,其他2种混交林草本层的优势度指数值大于灌木层,均匀度指数则是灌木层大于草本层;混交林林下植物种类较少,优势种明显,且分布不均;4种多样性测度指标在不同混交林中差异不大,混交林与杉木纯林差异亦不明显。研究结果可为改进闽北山地杉木纯林及其混交林的培育和经营管理、实现杉木林可持续经营提供参考。     

河北典型天然次生林灌木群落结构特征研究

基于河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局域内2hm2典型天然次生林植被群落调查,探讨次生林下灌木群落结构特征,研究显示:1)研究区29种灌木分属于15科22属,包含灌丛12 878丛、灌木20 861株,以毛榛(Cory-lus mandshurica)、五角枫(Acer mono)幼苗、锦带花(Weigela florida)为该群落优势种;2)80%以上的灌木基径过1cm,尤以青杄(Picea wilsonii)和华北落叶松(Larixprincipis-rupprechtii)幼苗的平均基径最大;3)以2m高度为界限可将灌木划为两层,上层灌木基径和冠幅明显优于下层灌木;4)从空间分布角度而言,不同灌木种群在频度、相对显著度和相对多度等方面表现出一定的空间异质性。     

Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities with different cutting intensities after ten years

Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities in different layers with different cutting intensities 10 years later were investigated by calculating Marglef Richness index (R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson diversity index (P), and Pielou Evenness index (J). Results show that the values of R, H and P among different layers are listed in a decreasing order: the shrub layer > the arbor layer > the herb layer, all the three indices values reach the maximum under medium selective cutting intensity after 10 years. The J value of the shrub layer shows a concave parabolic change with the increase in cutting intensity; it shows a linear increase for the arbor layer, whereas the J value of the herb layer shows an opposite change pattern. The values of R at different cutting intensities had high significant difference, but other indices had not significant difference. The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years is non-cutting> low selective cutting intensity > medium selective cutting intensity > high selective cutting intensity > extra-high intensity > clear cutting. The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years shows that the greater cutting intensities, the worse the stability is.     

Woody species composition,diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso

Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering works.The modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these changes.The objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina Faso.All woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 m.Density,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species composition.Different diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian forests.The species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian forests.Similarity in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and topography.The structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian forests.The diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse "J" shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile individuals.Considering the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.     

Effects of salinity and desalination on seed germination of six annual weed species

The effects of various salinities and desalination on seed germination of six annual glycophytes (Artemisia sieversiana, A. scoparia, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum and Chenopodium glaucum) were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China. NaCl solutions of five concentrations (0 mM, as the control, and 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM) were used for saline stress and desalination treatments. Increasing salinity significantly reduced germination percentages of A. sieversiana, A. scoparia, Ch.virgata and Ch. acuminatum, but had no effect on the germination percentages of E. pilosa. Lower salinity levels (50 mM) significantly increased germination percentage of Ch. glaucum. High salinity might be a precondition for germi- nation after desalination for five of the six species, excepting E. pilosa at NaCl concentration of 300 mM in comparison with non-primed seeds. Higher salinity (>200 mM) led to some specific ion toxicity and reduced seed viability of A. sieversiana. No specific ion toxicity but an osmotic effect limited the germination of other five species was observed The final germination percentages (salinity stress and desalination) of the six species showed three variations in comparison with the controls, namely, indiscrimination, stimulation, and reduction. Germination responses to salinity and desalination suggested that the six species were separated into three categories. Three species (A. sieversiana, Ch. virgata and Ch. acuminatum) showed similar germination responses to salinity with those of halophyte, but also showed a lower tolerance limit than most halophytes, although this was not always the case. A. scoparia and Ch. glaucum exhibited some ’salt stimulation’ in seed germination percentages after desalination, whereas E. pilosa did not show any obvious responseto salinity. Therefore, salinity usually induces dormancy of seeds with strong germination capacity in fresh water, but has few, or even positive, effects on seeds with strong innate dormancy.     

Evaluation of cold resistance of ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening

Rooftop gardening or green roof establishment, one of the methods of afforestation for urban greening, has many benefits for the environment, the economy and urban landscapes. Various environmental stresses including heat, strong wind, sunshine and cold prevent most plants from growing well in extensive green roof systems. For the establishment of urban rooftop gardening in Beijing, we evaluated 13 ornamental plant species [Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, Euonymus fortune (Turcz.) Hand., Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Swida alba Opiz., Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Euonymus japonicus ‘Cuzhi’, Buddleja davidii Franch., Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Spiraea salicifolia L.] for greening of flat rooftops. We obtained three indices concerning cold resistance, i.e., electrical conductivity of leaves, amounts of soluble sugars and amounts of free proline, providing a theoretical basis for selection of plants fit for roof and balcony greening. The results show that the six species P. fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., B. thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, J. nudiflorum Lindl., E. fortune (Turcz.) Hand., E. japonicus Thunb. and E. japonicus ‘Cuzhi’ are excellent plants for rooftop gardening, judging from their strong ability in cold resistance. Plants such as L. lucidum Ait., C. coggygria Scop. and W. florida (Bunge) A. DC. showed a medium ability in cold resistance. However, these species can be used in roof and balcony greening after intensive management or acclimatization of variety. The ability to resist cold of plants such as W. florida (Bunge) A. DC., S. salicifolia L., V. rhytidophyllum and S. alba Opiz. (Cornus alba L.) was found to be rather weak. Therefore, cold-proof measures are recommended when using these species.     

阿城区森林鼠害及其治理措施

通过多年的森林调查数据,本文查清了阿城辖区内森林鼠类及其分布,并从营林措施,强化法制意识,合理区划、分类施策,建立完善的监测体系四个方面提出了森林鼠害监测预警及防治措施.