Inheritance pattern for pod lenghth and ovule number in wide crosses among Cajanus and Atylosia species

Summary Six interspecific/intergeneric F₂ populations involving two cultivars of C. cajan and five Atylosia species were scored for segregation patterns for pod length and ovule number. It was observed that for both characters the F₂ means and the ranges were correspondingly lower than the midparent values and the spread of the two parents. However, the intrageneric cross of A. lineata and A. scarabaeoides showed transgressive segregation for pod length and the F₂ mean and range were correspondingly larger than the midparent value and spread of the two parents, suggesting the usefulness of combining ability test for choice of suitable parents.     

Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: A review

Summary Sugar beet is a relatively young crop, which supposedly has a narrow genetic base. Natural variation occurring in primitive beet varieties and in wild Beta species has been used for breeding sugar beet. This paper reviews information on desirable characteristics in Beta germplasm and the attempts made for the introgression of such characters into commercial breeding material. After an introduction on the availability of germplasm and the possibilities of hybridisation, attention is focussed on the mating system (especially male sterility), on morphological and physiological characteristics, including yield and sugar content, and on resistances to diseases and pests.     

The Importance of the Bolivian Wild Potato Species in Breeding for Globodera pallida Resistance

Screening for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in potatoes from. Bolivia, was carried out in 1983 and 1984, using a mixture of four nematode populations representing pathotypes Pa₁, Pa₂ and Pa₃ From the 66 accessions of 17 species and subspecies evaluated, highly resistant genotypes were identified in 21 accessions from seven species. All had Pf/Pi values of 2 or less, whereas the susceptible control, Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Disiree’ had Pf/Pi values of more than 2G in both tests. Two diploid wild species, S. brevicaule and S. leptophyes, showed the best resistant. The geographical distributional of resistant populations and the evolution of resistance in wild potato populations are discussed.     

Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Malus Species

Three apple (Malus×domestica) cultivars and 11 Malus accessions have been investigated by the probe hybridization method on their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The gene probes used were: coxI, coxII, atpA, atp6, and atp9. Our results revealed enough variation to characterize ten mtDNA haplotypes among the Malus genotypes examined. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of mtDNA polymorphism are also discussed.     

RFLP characterization of Indian Musa germplasm for clonal identification and classification

Summary Nineteen single-copy clones isolated from a PstI genomic library (cv. Maiden Plantain), and eight Vigna chloroplast DNA clones were used to probe total genomic DNA digests of 57 genotypes of Musa from India. The 19 genomic clones detected a total of 107 polymorphisms among the 57 genotypes. Principal coordinates and phenetic analyses of these data placed cultivars and species into distinct groups that were in general agreement with a previously published RAPD-based classification of these same plant materials. The 107 polymorphisms were sufficient to differentiate each clone from every other clone. Heterologous Vigna chloroplast DNA probes were used to characterize the cytoplasm of Musa cultivars and species. PCO analysis of these RFLPs were detected both within and between the generally recognized genome groups, indicating multiple hybridization pathways in the origin of hybrid clones. Data presented demonstrate that RFLPs are sufficiently abundant to classify Musa germplasm and that genetic relationships among Musa cultivars, based upon RFLP data, are in general agreement with relationships determined by analysis of morphology and RAPDs.     

Potential for Selection in the Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid in Foxtail Millet

Genetic variation for morphology and grain yield components was studied in the F₂ and 14 F₃ families of an interspecific cross of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) with S. viridis s. s. (green foxtail). It appeared possible to recover the cultivated type using a simple selection procedure in F₂ and F₃. Comparison with a cross involving S. viridis var. major (giant green foxtail) is discussed.     

Relationships between African species of the genus Cucumis L. Estimated by the production,vigour and fertility of F1 hybrids

Summary The production, vigour, and fertility of F₁ hybrids between nine African species of the genus Cucumis L. were studied as a measure of the relationships between the species. Hybrid plants were obtained from 29 out of the 72 possible cross combinations. Two F₁ hybrids died as seedlings, and 27 hybrids were raised to maturity. Pollen production and stainability varied greatly amongst these hybrids, as did fruit and seed set following self pollination and backcrossing with either parental species. The fruit shape of the hybrids was always intermediate between that of both parental species.Two species appeared to be closely related: C. prophetarum L. and C. anguria var. longipes A. Meeuse. Most other species produced highly to moderately fertile F₁ hybrids with at least one other species. C. metuliferus Naud. produced only sterile hybrids with C. zeyheri Sond. 2x. The results sustain the recent taxonomic classification of the genus (Jeffrey, 1980).     

云南省砚山县石漠化区域植被修复的物种配置研究

[目的]对石漠化区域人工植被恢复的物种配置方案进行研究,为恢复石漠化地区的生态服务功能,遏制水土流失提供技术支撑。[方法]通过对砚山县不同等级石漠化区域的植被进行实地调查,选取并查明无明显石漠化、潜在石漠化和轻度石漠化3类小区域植物群落结构特征及各物种在群落中的地位。[结果]清香木、栓皮栎是乔木层优势种,火棘、野花椒是灌木层优势种,茅草为草本层优势种,葛藤为藤本植物优势种,它们均具有极为重要的生态价值和经济价值。[结论]结合当地实际情况,提出采用各层乡土优势种并结合引进物种山葡萄等进行石漠化山地乔灌草藤搭配为适合人工植被修复的物种配置方案。     

保护地土壤质量障碍因素研究

随着种植年限的增加,与露地和大田相比,保护地土壤在温度、湿度、空气、水分等环境条件,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、磷、钾、钙镁、酸碱度及生物活性等理化和生物性质、土壤盐分累积等均发生了巨大的变化会给土壤质量、作物生长及人类健康带来危害。为了保证高产、优质、高效的蔬菜生产,研究保护地土壤理化性状及障碍因素具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

北川河流域退耕还林不同配置模式对土壤抗冲性的影响

在青海大通县北川河流域分浅山区和脑山区各选择了5种退耕还林配置模式,研究了不同配置模式对土壤抗冲性的影响,结果表明:在浅山区,土壤抗冲性指数与枯落物现存量呈显著正相关,以模式D(中国沙棘)的抗冲性指数最大,为1.136 s/g,以模式E(柠条)的最小,为0.385 s/g;在脑山区,土壤抗冲性指数与团聚度、总孔隙度呈显著正相关,模式F(青海云杉)的土壤抗性指数最大,为1.652 s/g,模式J(青杨 中国沙棘)的土壤抗冲性指数最小。