陕西省核桃害虫种类调查及主要害虫的防治技术

核桃是一类重要的经济植物。通过实地调查及参考相关文献,本文初步记录陕西省核桃害虫71种,同时记述了核桃举肢蛾、核桃小吉丁虫、核桃横沟象、银杏大蚕蛾、云斑天牛等核桃主要害虫的生物学特性及防治技术。     

贵州佛顶山中亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种组成与结构

为了解国家级自然保护区贵州佛顶山亚热带植物的多样性和建立有效保护机制,应用样方调查方法,对佛顶山的植物群落物种组成、群落结构、特征、区系以及生物多样性进行调查分析。结果表明:佛顶山有维管植物429种,隶属于131科273属,生活型普以高位芽植物为主;种子植物区系地理成分复杂,植物以亚热带分布科和北温带分布属为主;群落垂直结构明显,分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;不同群落类型不同层次的物种多样性指数差异性不明显,表现出群落结构越复杂、物种组成越丰富、优势种越不明显、共优种越多和物种多样性指数越高的特点。样地内树种平均胸径较小,主要优势树种的径级结构呈倒J型。     

白莲湖与西凉湖水生植物多样性的比较研究

通过研究湖北省白莲湖（小型湖泊）与西京湖（大型湖泊）水生植物物种多样性和群落多样性，比较了大、小湖泊间多样性丰富程度差别，从而探讨了多样性保护研究中湖泊大小的选取。     

NaCl胁迫下外源壳聚糖对菜用大豆光合作用及叶绿体活性氧代谢的影响

采用蛭石栽培,以菜用大豆为试材,研究外源壳聚糖对NaCl胁迫下幼苗叶片光合作用及叶绿体活性氧(ROS)代谢的影响,以期探明NaCl胁迫下壳聚糖调控菜用大豆光合作用的生理机制。结果显示:NaCl胁迫下,外源壳聚糖通过诱导非气孔因素显著缓解了菜用大豆在胁迫中期(第6~12天)净光合速率(Pn)的下降;外源壳聚糖显著抑制了叶绿体O-·2的产生速率及H2O2含量的上升,显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)在胁迫中期(第6~12天)的活性。无盐条件下,外源壳聚糖在处理早期对上述各指标产生了显著影响,中、后期该作用消失。上述结果表明:外源壳聚糖在NaCl胁迫下对菜用大豆的作用与无盐条件下不同;NaCl胁迫下,壳聚糖可诱导菜用大豆叶绿体保护酶活性及As A-GSH循环的运转速率,及时清除过量ROS,以抑制盐胁迫对光合膜的伤害,这可能是壳聚糖缓解Pn下降,进而缓解菜用大豆干质量下降的重要原因之一;外源壳聚糖的作用具有时效性。     

基于苎麻属野生近缘种形态变异类型的系统关系研究

本文从变异性分析、相关分析和构建系统聚类树方面系统地研究了苎麻属野生近缘种5组26种(变种)的基本形态生物学特征。结果表明:1)苎麻、大叶苎麻、序叶苎麻、细野麻这4个野生种形态的丰富变化主要集中在叶色、叶脉色、托叶色、叶缘锯齿这几种表型。2)苎麻属各野生种表型之间叶形与叶基特性的关系非常紧密,其余的形态表型之间没有发现显著的相关。3)苎麻组组内演化关系为微绿苎麻→青叶苎麻→苎麻、贴毛苎麻。苎麻和贴毛苎麻都起源于青叶苎麻。4)苎麻属野生种种间的系统聚类树显示,处在最低位置的苎麻属组群是帚序苎麻组和腋球苎麻组,序叶苎麻组位于中间位置,苎麻组和大叶苎麻组则是位于最高位置的苎麻属组群,苎麻组和大叶苎麻组的亲缘关系更加紧密。该研究结果对进一步研究苎麻属野生近缘种分类及系统演化提供了基础。     

Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells,SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts

Effects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10^?7, 10^?9 and 10^?11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM  + 10^?7, IVM  + 10^?9, IVM  + 10^?11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC  + 10^?7, IVC  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10^?9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?9, IVM /IVC  + 10^?9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM  + 10^?9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC  + 10^?7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC  + 10^?9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC  + 10^?9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC  + 10^?9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC  + 10^?9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD 2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB 1) compared to the IVM  + 10^?9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10^?9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.     

短花针茅群落主要物种种间关系的研究

应用2×2列联表的χ2检验和Spearman秩相关分析方法对短花针茅群落21个主要物种的种间关系进行了分析.结果表明:呈不显著相关的种对多于呈显著和极显著相关的种对,呈正相关和负相关的种对在所有种对中几乎各占一半;短花针茅群落21个主要物种可划分为三个生态种组,即冷蒿组、狭叶锦鸡儿组和短花针茅组;研究物种种间关系时,Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度.     

InvasionDB: A genome and gene database of invasive alien species

Invasive alien species(IAS) are species whose introduction to areas outside of their native range cause harm to economics, biodiversity, and the environment. Understanding the genetic basis of invasiveness is critical for preventing invasion by an alien species and managing IAS with eco-friendly control methods. In addition, uncovering the genomic features of IAS is essential for accurately predicting invasiveness. However, even though increasing efforts have been devoted to sequencing the genomes of IAS, there is still not an integrated genome database for the invasive biology community. Here, we first determined a list of invasive plants and animals by mining references and databases. Then, we retrieved the genomic and gene data of these IAS, and constructed a database, Invasion DB. Invasion DB encompasses 131 IAS genomes, 76 annotated IAS assemblies, and links these data to conventional functions such as searching for gene coding sequences and Pfam, KEGG, NR annotations, BLAST server, JBrowse, and downloads services. Next, we analyzed 19 invasivenessrelated gene families which confer invasiveness in insects. To study the roles of noncoding RNA in invasiveness, we also annotated 135 494 mi RNAs, 89 294 r RNAs, and 2 671 941 t RNAs from these IAS. In summary, Invasion DB is useful for studying the invasiveness at the genomic level, and thus helps to develop novel management strategies to control IAS.     

中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。     

林分密度对杉木人工林下物种多样性和土壤养分的影响

为研究不同林分密度对杉木人工林下物种多样性和土壤养分的影响,以38 a生5种密度杉木人工林为研究对象,调查林下植被,测定土壤理化性质及酶活性,对物种多样性指数和土壤指标进行单因素方差、相关性及主成分分析。结果显示:杉木人工林下物种种类多达121种,灌木层以杜茎山(Maesa japonica)为主,草本层以双盖蕨(Diplazium)、黑足鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fuscipes)等蕨类为主。灌木层和草本层物种多样性各指数大多在初植密度为5 000 hm^–2时最高。不同土层间各种土壤养分变化趋势基本一致,不同密度间土壤养分变化趋势不同,更多的土壤养分在高密度或低密度林)分下达到最大。除了p H、有机碳以及纤维素酶外,其他土壤养分受林分密度变化响应均显著(P<0.05)。0～20 cm土层的土壤养分与草本层物种多样性关系更为密切,而20～40 cm土层的土壤养分与灌木层物种多样性关系更为密切。p H、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷与灌草层多样性指数的相关性最为密切。主成分分析综合得分显示,初植密度为6 667 hm^–2时最高(1.17),第二...