Effect of different levels of raw and heated grass pea seed (Lathyrus sativus) on nutrient digestibility,intestinal villus morphology and growth performance of broiler chicks

This study aimed to investigate chemical composition and effect of different levels (0%, 10% and 20%) of raw grass pea (RGP) and heat‐treated (120 °C for 30 min) grass pea seed (HGP) on nutrient digestibility, dressing percentage, relative internal organ weights, intestinal villous morphology and broiler chicks' performance. A total number of 200 day‐old male chicks were raised under similar condition for 10 days. On day 11, chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and four replicates of 10 birds each. The result of chemical analysis indicated that Iranian grass pea seed has low levels of total and condensed tannin, and it may be considered as a good source of protein (36.1%) and energy (17.09 kJ GE/g). Heat treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the total and condensed tannin to 21% and 78% respectively. Grass peas seed had higher levels of nitrogen‐free extract, P, Na, Mg and Zn than soya bean meal. The apparent digestibility of gross energy and lipid was affected (p < 0.01) by the treatment diets, and it was the lowest after feeding 20% of HGP (p < 0.05). The relative weight of breast and pancreas (p < 0.05) was affected by treatments. Percentage weight of breast and pancreas increased (p < 0.05) after feeding high levels (20%) of RGP and HGP. Substitution of 20% of RGP and HGP increased the duodenal crypt depth (p < 0.05); however, it had no suppressive effect on villus height as the absorptive surface of intestine. The feed conversion ratio was not affected by the treatments in the total experimental period. This study showed that, although the high level of grass pea seed caused a remarkable increase in the relative weight of pancreas and decreased the apparent digestibility of gross energy and lipid, it had beneficial effect on breast relative weight. It seems that heat processing is not effective method for improving quality of Iranian grass pea seed.     

基于K均值聚类的厚壁组织区域自动提取

桉树是我国南方的速生丰产林,区域提取是定量分析各种组织抑制桉树茎生根原因的重要前提。为此,介绍了基于K均值聚类的在桉树茎切片图像中自适应提取厚壁组织区域的图像处理技术。将桉树茎切片彩色图像转换为CIEL*a*b*彩色空间,用K均值聚类分析算法对描述颜色的a*和b*通道进行聚类分析,提取细胞厚壁,然后填充其中白色的细胞腔,构成完整的厚壁组织区域。实验结果表明,在CIEL*a*b*空间使用该算法可以获得较准确的实验结果。     

农产品特征建模的光照处理算法研究

由于实际环境中成像条件的限制,造成图像的光照不均匀,进而影响基于图形图像农产品特征建模技术的准确性.针对这一问题,提出光照处理技术的一些算法,结果表明通过光照处理技术能够有效地恢复农产品在实际情况下的真实情况,进一步完善农产品特征建模.     

基于图像处理技术的海洋微藻数量统计方法

根据海洋微藻显微图像的特点,利用图像处理技术给出了自动统计海洋微藻数量的方法.该方法首先对微藻图像进行小波去噪,并对去噪后的图像通过形态学的膨胀运算进行增强;然后利用最大类间方差法和形态学的开运算对增强后的图像进行分割;最后对分割后的二值图像进行微藻区域标记,统计出在图像中的微藻数量,进而计算出水体中微藻的浓度.利用本文中所给出的方法编写了海洋微藻数量自动统计软件,仿真试验结果表明,该方法有效、可行.     

基于天然气处理厂气质指标的集输管网调度优化

在建立符合实际工况的多气源组分平衡计算模型的基础上,以处理厂原料气气质指标为目标函数,建立优化模型并求解,得到在满足管网运行约束及各处理厂原料气气质指标前提下的管网运行参数.实例应用表明,建立的集输管网优化调度模型既可体现各气源点气质的差异性,又能满足各天然气处理厂对原料气气质的不同要求,计算结果能够准确地反映管网中的气质状况,从而确保净化装置的平稳运行.将该模型应用于实际管网,可为其生产运行调度提供重要的参考依据.     

An on-site computer system for comprehensive agricultural air quality research

Scientific studies using direct agricultural air quality (AAQ) measurement have experienced revolutionary changes since such a study was first reported in the early 1950s. Comprehensive AAQ research with multi-institutional or international collaboration, long-term monitoring, and multi-pollutant measurement has been conducted with greater frequency. On-site computer system (OSCS), consisting of data acquisition hardware, a personal computer, and custom-developed AAQ research software has become an important tool in these studies. The role of the OSCS has been expanded from exclusively data acquisition to a combination of data acquisition, control, regular and advanced data processing, and communication. This paper studied the general and specific requirements of OSCS in AAQ research and introduced a system with new methodology and technology for high level quality assurance and quality control (QAQC).Data acquisition in AAQ studies is needed for five main categories of instruments and sensors: pollutant concentrations, air exchange, weather conditions, building status, and measurement system status. Regular data processing consists of converting electrical signals to engineering units, averaging data over a given period of time, and performing data correction. Advanced data processing includes calculating location-shared analyzers and sensors (LSAS) data and instrument calibration data and generating daily reports in real-time or upon user requests. The primary control needs in AAQ research centers around the LSAS using multi-point air sampling system. Controls for sampling tubing heating and equipment cooling are often required. Computer communications to monitor system status, deliver alarms and data, and provide remote diagnosis and controls help to reduce operation costs and increase research quality and data completeness.An OSCS that offered flexibility, high capacity, user-friendliness, and high level QAQC was developed for field and laboratory AAQ research. A total of 29 OSCSs have been built and used in various AAQ studies in 13 states in USA for handling a total of more than 3.0 billion data points. The system adapted a set of data processing algorithms as well as some novel features, including All-data Display and Dynamic Run-time Configuration (DDRC), Digital Output DDRC, real-time sampling system monitoring and protection, Global Channel, traceable configuration, and post-measurement data processing. The system also integrated two stand-alone instruments, an Innova multi-gas analyzer and a 7-port Environics gas diluter, which are popular in AAQ research. The strengths, weaknesses, and future development of the system are also discussed.     

富硒茶硒的浸出率及其化学性质的研究

研究了高硒土壤茶园、低硒土壤茶园、传统制茶工艺、制茶新工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率、化学性质。结果表明,茶叶含硒量对富硒茶硒的浸出率无显著影响,制茶工艺对茶叶硒的浸出率影响显著,传统工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率为12.40%～19.58%,红茶高于绿茶。笔者采用新工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率为19.41%～29.38%,硒的浸出率提高50%。不同来源的富硒茶中近80%以上的硒为有机硒,并主要呈蛋白质结合态。富硒茶粗蛋白质中胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸的含量随茶叶含硒量提高而增加。不同来源的富硒茶含硒蛋白SDS-电泳带分析表明,富硒茶的化学性质相似,低硒土壤茶园通过施用硒肥,经茶树生物转化生产富硒茶与天然富硒茶无显著差异。     

云南农产品加工业现状存在问题及对策

在深入分析云南省农产品加工业发展现状、存在问题的基础上,借鉴国内外农产品加工业先进地区的经验,提出了加快云南省农产品加工业发展的思路及对策建议。     

家具生产企业不安全行为研究

人的不安全行为是导致事故发生的直接原因之一.本文通过对不安全行为的观察,把家具企业操作人员的不安全行为分为静态和动态两类,分别描述这两类不安全行为在家具生产车间的主要表现.分析其产生的原因,并利用抽样调查法定量测定了静态和动态不安全行为的发生频率,以此评价安全现状.提出了相应的改进措施,意在减少操作人员的不安全行为,防止家具生产企业生产事故的发生.